Sulfur oxidation organisms

Ammonia and sulfides can also be produced from the decay of organic matter within the slime film, resulting in increased corrosion of some alloys [28], Sulfur-oxidizing organisms produce sulfuric acid from sulfur or other reduced sulfur species [2S]. The presence of anunonia is known to cause stress corrosion cracking of copper alloys, while sulfides may lead to accelerated attack on copper alloys and steel. The presence of the slime film on the metal surface can locally change the local environment at the liquid/metal interface such that the corrosion behavior of a metal can be considerably altered from one that nonnally displays low corrosion rates in seawater to conditions where corrosion is accelerated [6]. 

Organic sulfur Organic sulfur Oxidation with HNO3 in presence of Ba + Combustion in O2 (with Pt catalyst) to produce SO2 and SO3, BaCb B3S04... 

Thermal decomposition of spent acids, eg, sulfuric acid, is required as an intermediate step at temperatures sufficientiy high to completely consume the organic contaminants by combustion temperatures above 1000°C are required. Concentrated acid can be made from the sulfur oxides. Spent acid is sprayed into a vertical combustion chamber, where the energy required to heat and vaporize the feed and support these endothermic reactions is suppHed by complete combustion of fuel oil plus added sulfur, if further acid production is desired. High feed rates of up to 30 t/d of uniform spent acid droplets are attained with a single rotary atomizer and decomposition rates of ca 400 t/d are possible (98). 

Health nd SMety Factors. The lowest pubhshed human oral toxic dose is 430 mg/kg, causing nervous system disturbances and gastrointestinal symptoms. The LD q (rat, oral) is 750 mg/kg (183). Thiocyanates are destroyed readily by soil bacteria and by biological treatment systems in which the organisms become acclimatized to thiocyanate. Pyrolysis products and combustion products can include toxic hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. 

Raw material input to petroleum refineries is primarily crude oil however, petroleum refineries use and generate an enormous number of chemicals, many of which leave the facilities as discharges of air emissions, wastewater, or solid waste. Pollutants generated typically include VOCs, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOJ, nitrogen oxides (NOJ, particulates, ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (HjS) metals, spent acids, and numerous toxic organic compounds. 

Fine particulates Coarse particulates Sulfur oxides Reduced sulfur gases Volatile organic compounds Nitrogen oxides... 

A number of lower sulfur oxides have been described. Most of these oxides are derived from cyclic sulfur polymorphs and were usually prepared by oxidation of these molecules by organic peroxo acids. The oxides have the general formula SraO and n may vary from 5 to 10. For n = 7 even the dioxide S702 is known.4 Not all of these phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction, but the molecular structures are certain with respect to vibrational spectroscopy. The oxygen atom is in exo position with respect to the sulfur ring as it has been shown by X-ray diffraction for SgO and S70, respectively (Figure 2).5,6... 

Carbon, activated Chlorates Calcium hypochlorite, all oxidizing agents, unsaturated oils Ammonium salts, acids, metal powders, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible materials, cyanides, metal sulfides, manganese dioxide, sulfur dioxide, organic acids... 

Reich (1) A process for purifying carbon dioxide obtained by fermentation. It is first scrubbed by aqueous ethanol, then by aqueous potassium dichromate to oxidize organic compounds, and finally with concentrated sulfuric acid to dry it. Developed in the 1920s by G. T. Reich. 

Air/liquid (A/L) interface, adsorption of surfactants at, 24 133-138 Air mass zero (AMO) spectrum, 23 37 Air monitoring, for hydrazine, 13 589 Air oxidized pan, 11 194 Air-path XRF, in fine art examination/ conservation, 11 403—404 Air pollutants. See also Nitrogen oxides (NO j Particulate matter Sulfur oxides (SOJ Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) air toxics, 1 789, 801-802 carbon monoxide, 1 789, 798 common, 26 667 criteria pollutants, l 813t indoor, 1 802-805, 820-823, 821t lead, 1 789, 801... 

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