Sulfur coastal sediment

Howarth, R.W. (1984) The ecological significance of sulfur in the energy dynamics of salt marsh and coastal sediments. Biogeochemistry 1, 5-27. 

Sweeney, R.E., Kalil, E.K., and Kaplan, I.R. (1980) Characterization of domestic and industrial sewage in southern California coastal sediments using nitrogen, carbon, sulfur and uranium tracers. Mar. Environ. Res. 3, 225-243. 

Troelsen H. and Jorgensen B. B. (1982) Seasonal dynamics of elemental sulfur in two coastal sediments. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Set 15(3), 255-266. 

Fractionation also occurs during processes in the oxidative part of the sulfur cycle. Sulfide oxidation, which is pervasive in marine enviromnents (for example, 90% or more of the sulfide produced during sulfate reduction in coastal sediments are reoxidized) includes various processes, which are all associated with inverse isotope fractionation effects. These processes include the phototrophic oxidation by a variety of anoxygenic bacteria (-2 to 0%o), the non-phototrophic oxydation (up to -18%o), and the already mentioned disproportionation of sulfur compounds with intermediate oxidation states as... 

Elemental sulfur in coastal sediments was measured after extraction with petrol ether determined by ion chromatography (IC) (Trolsen and Jorgensen 1982). 

Thamdrup B, Fossing H, Jeorgensen BB (1994) Manganese, iron and sulfur cycling in a coastal marine sediment, Aarhus Bay, Denmark. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58 5115-5129... 

Bodenbender J. Wassmann R. Papen H. and Rennenberg H. (1999). Temporal and spatial variation of sulfur-gas transfer between coastal marine sediments and the atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment, 33(21), 3487-3502. 

The anaerobic metabolism of acrylate and 3-mercaptopropionate (3-MPA) was studied in slurries of coastal marine sediments. The rate of these compounds is important because they are derived from the algal osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which is a major organic sulfur compound in marine environments. Micromolar levels of acrylate were fermented rapidly in the slurries to a mixture of acetate and propionate (1 2 molar ratio). Sulfate-reducing bacteria subsequently removed the acetate and propionate. 3-MPA has only recently been detected in natural environments. In our experiments 3-MPA was formed by chemical addition of sulfide to aciylate and was then consumed by biological processes. 3-MPA is a known inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation in mammalian systems. In accord with this fact, high concentrations of 3-MPA caused acetate to accumulate in sediment slurries. At lower concentrations, however, 3-MPA was metabolized by anaerobic bacteria. We conclude that the degradation of DMSP may ultimately lead to the production of substrates which are readily metabolized by microbes in the sediments. 

Total sulfur concentrations in freshwater lacustrine sediments described in these studies may reach about 1 % (8), but are generally less than 0.4%. Marine sediments in California generally have average total sulfur concentrations of less than 1%, but are usually greater than 0.6% (6). Values for pyritic sulfur of 0.31 to 1.98% are given for coastal and marine sediments of Long Island Sound (7). 

Figure 12.5 Sulfur isotopic budget based on mass isotopic fluxes (bar graphs) and their isotopic composition on a monthly basis in coastal marine sediments of cape Lookout Bight, NC (USA). Units are in mol S m-2 m-1. (Modified from Chanton and Martens, 1987b.)...

Chanton, J.P., and Martens, C.S. (1987b) Biogeochemical cycling in an organic-rich coastal marine basin. 8. A sulfur isotopic budget balanced by differential diffusion across the sediment-water interface. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1201-1208. 

Jprgensen, B.B. (1977) The sulfur cycle of coastal marine sediment (Limfjorden, Denmark). Limnol. Oceanogr. 28, 814-822. 

Rozan, T.F., Taillefert, M., Trouwborst, R.E., Glazer, B.T., Ma, S., Herszage, J., Valdes, L.M., Price, K.S., and Luther III., GW. (2002) Iron-sulfur-phosphorus cycling in the sediments of a shallow coastal bay implications for sediment nutrient release and benthic macroalgal blooms. Limnol. Oceanogr. 47, 1346-1354. 

Sayama, M. (2001). Presence of nitrate-accumulating sulfur bacteria and their influence on nitrogen cycling in a shallow coastal marine sediment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67, 3481—3487. 

Jorgensen B. B. (1977b) The Sulfur Cycle of a Coastal Marine Sediment. Limfjorden, Denmark. 

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