Sulfonamide-Specific Antibodies

Hamilton and Sheets (1978) observed a case of thrombocytopenic purpura after sulfisoxazole which could be demonstrated by the provocation test and by the presence of the serum factors which caused a platelet agglutination in the presence of sulfisoxazole. Antibody investigations have not been carried out routinely in sulfonamide allergies. 

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ImmunO lSS iy. Chemiluminescence compounds (eg, acridinium esters and sulfonamides, isoluminol), luciferases (eg, firefly, marine bacterial, Benilla and Varela luciferase), photoproteins (eg, aequorin, Benilld), and components of bioluminescence reactions have been tested as replacements for radioactive labels in both competitive and sandwich-type immunoassays. Acridinium ester labels are used extensively in routine clinical immunoassay analysis designed to detect a wide range of hormones, cancer markers, specific antibodies, specific proteins, and therapeutic dmgs. An acridinium ester label produces a flash of light when it reacts with an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide. The detection limit for the label is 0.5 amol. 

PURIFICATION OF THE ANTI-SULFONAMIDE CLASS-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES... 

Prepare three different pools of modified MB-Tosyl magnetic beads (i) with the anti-sulfonamide class-specific antibodies (ii) with the non-specific antibody (with the non-immunized serum) and, (iii) without any antibody, only treated with the corresponding coupling buffer [2],... 

Mix 50 pL of sulfapyridine standard solutions (from 1.92 to 30,000 nmol L 1) with 50 pL of the anti-sulfonamide class-specific antibodies modified magnetic bead suspensions (15 pg of MB-Tosyl) followed by the addition of 50 pL of enzyme tracer 0.075 pgmL-1 [3]. 

Korpimaki, T., E.C. Brockmann, O. Kuronen, et al. 2004. Engineering of a broad specificity antibody for simultaneous detection of 13 sulfonamides at the maximum residue level. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52 40-47. 

II Cytotoxic Cell destruction occurs because of cell-associated antigen that initiates cytolysis by antigen-specific antibody (IgG or IgM). Most often involves blood elements. Typically 5-12 h Penicillin, quinidine, phenylbutazone, thiouracils, sulfonamides, methyidopa... 

A similar strategy was performed for the immunological determination of sulfonamides (SFM) in raw full cream, as well as in all varieties of ultra high temperature (UHT) milk, such as full cream (about 3.25% fat), semiskimmed (about 1.5-1.8% fat), and skimmed (0.1% fat), by using a class specific antisulfonamides (anti-SFM) antibodies immobilized on magnetic beads, and an SFM-HRP tracer for the electrochemical detection [62]. 

Franek, M., I. Diblikova, I. Cernoch, et al. 2006. Broad-specificity immunoassays for sulfonamide detection Immunochemical strategy for generic antibodies and competitors. Anal. Chem. 78 1559-1567. 

The drug most commonly used in clinical practice that can produce immune thrombocytopenic purpura is heparin. Other examples are sulfonamides, thiazide diuretics, chlorpropamide, quinidine, and gold. These types of immune thrombocytopenic purpura are reversed when the drug is withdrawn. Molecular mechanisms for the formation of specific drug-dependent antibodies appear to be very similar. The glycoproteins on the platelet surface interact with the drugs to form neo-epitopes. Subsequent... 

Li C, Wang ZH, Cao XY, Beier RC, Zhang SX, Ding SY, Li XW, Shen JZ, Development of an immunoafflnity column method using broad-specificity monoclonal antibodies for simultaneous extraction and cleanup of quinolone and sulfonamide antibiotics in animal muscle, J. Chromatogr. A 2008 1209 1-5. 

The starting point in the technical development of a microbial inhibition assay is the sensitivity of the test microorganism to different antimicrobial compounds under different media conditions. Factors such as the pH and nutrient profile of the media can be varied to obtain the optimum performance. The sensitivity of MIAs may also be modulated by the addition of specific compounds to the test composition. For certain antimicrobial compounds an enhancement in sensitivity may be advantageous, whereas for others, a sensitivity decrease is required to avoid the number of false non-compliant results. For example, cysteine can reduce the overall sensitivity to the P-lactam class. Antifolates, such as ormethoprim or trimethoprim, are known to improve the sensitivity of the test organism to sulfonamide compounds. Sensitivity to sulfonamides can also be modulated by using the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase that selectively inhibits the response of sulfonamides." Antibiotic receptors such as antibodies can also be employed to decrease the sensitivity of the test to specific compounds, as required. 

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