Sulfation metastasis

CR Parish, C Freeman, KJ Brown, DJ Francis, WB Cowden. Identification of sulfated oligosaccharide-based inhibitors of tumor growth and metastasis using novel in vitro assays for angiogenesis and heparanase activity. Cancer Res 59 3433-3441, 1999. 

Liu, D., Shriver, Z., Qi, Y., Venkataraman, G., and Sasisekharan, R. (2002). Dynamic regulation of tumor growth and metastasis by heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 28, 67-78. 

Lee CM et al (2002) Novel chondroitin sulfate-binding cationic liposomes loaded with cisplatin efficiently suppress the local growth and liver metastasis of tumor cells in vivo. Cancer Res 62 4282 288... 

In breast cancer cells, increased numbers of chondroitin sulfate chains linked to P-selectin enhanced the attachment of cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells forcing tissue invasion of tumor cells (36). Increased levels of chondroitin sulfates were also found in melanoma (37) and ovarian carcinoma (38) and enhanced the mitogenic effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB on fibrosarcoma cells (39). Chondroitin sulfates have a role in tissue remodeling, tumor progression, and metastasis (40). 

Miao, H. Q., Elkin, M., Aingorn, E., Ishai-Michaeli, R., Stein, C. A., and Vlodavsky, 1. (1999). Inhibition of heparanase activity and tumor metastasis by laminarin sulfate and synthetic phosphorothioate oligodeoxynudeotides. Int. J. Cancer 83, 424-d31. 

Hagiwara A, Sakakura C, Shirasu M, Togawa T, Sonoyama Y, Fujiyama J, Ebihara Y, Itoh T, Yamagishi H. Intraperitoneal injection of dextran sulfate as an anti-adherent drug for the prevention of peritoneal metastasis of cancer shows low toxicity in animals. Anti-Cancer Drugs 2000 11 393-399. 

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Heparan sulfate, as linear polysaccharide, is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. Its proteoglycanic form binds to various protein ligands/receptors to participate in the regulation of biological functions like embryonic development and metastasis. 

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