Sulfates thiolates

Bismuth salts, 4 25 Bismuth sesquisulfide, 4 24 Bismuth subcarbonate, 4 36 Bismuth subgallate, 4 36 Bismuth subhalides, 4 19 Bismuth subnitrate, 4 36 Bismuth subsalicylate, 4 1, 36 medical applications of, 22 11-12 Bismuth(III) sulfate, 4 25 Bismuth(III) sulfide, 4 24 Bismuth sulfides, 4 24-25 Bismuth thiolates, 4 25 Bismuth-tin alloy waterfowl shot, 4 15 Bismuth triacetate, 4 25 Bismuth tribromide, 4 21 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth trichloride, 4 19-20 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth trifluoride, 4 19 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth trihalides, 4 19 Bismuth triiodide, 4 21-22 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth trinitrate pentahydrate, 4 25 Bismuth trioxide, 4 23-24 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth triperchlorate pentahydrate, 4 25... 

Darensbourg MY, Tuntulani T, Reibenspies JH (1995) Structure/function relationships in ligand-based S02/02 conversion to sulfate as promoted by nickel and palladium thiolates. Inorg Chem 34 6287-6294... 

The thiolates, though less sensitive to basicity, are more reactive than oxygen anions over the total accessible range of basicity, but intersect the amine line at ca. pA 12. Other reactive nucleophiles which do not fall in the amine, thiolate, or oxygen anion categories are fluoride, thiosulfate, nitrite, azide, and sulfite. Halides other than fluoride, and also thiocyanate, nitrate, sulfate, and thiourea have no reactivity towards p-nitrophenyl acetate (Jencks and Carriuolo, 1960a). The total lack of reactivity of thiocyanate, iodide, bromide, and thiourea, all very polarizable nucleophiles which are reactive to sp carbon, rules out any possibility that polarizability is at all important in nucleophilic reactions at the carbonyl carbon. In general, the order of nucleophilic reactivity to p-nitrophenyl acetate correlates well with nucleophilic reactivity to other carboxylic acid derivatives (see later). Nitrite, however, shows... 

Substituents such as chloro, bromo, sulfanyl, or phenoxy in position 2 of phenylsulfonamides are sufficiently reactive to allow ring closure reactions by treatment with carbon disulfide/alkali hydroxide in ethanol43-45 or dimethyl sulfoxide.46 The resulting alkali thiolates 4 may then be methylated43 44 by dimethyl sulfate to give the 3-(methylsulfanyl)-1,4,2-benzodithiazine 1,1-dioxides. 

Lower dialkyl sulfides and vinyl sulfides293 are advantageously prepared by alkaline hydrolysis of S-alkylthiouronium salts, the resulting thiolate being alkylated, without isolation, by an alkyl halide or dialkyl sulfate.294... 

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