Sulfated aluminum preparation

A disaccharide is added to a pyridine SO3 complex solution, which is prepared by reacting 5 to 6 times the molar amount of liquid SO3 as much as that of disaccharide with 5 to 10 times the amount of pyridine as that of the disaccharide at 0°C to 5°C, for sulfation at 50°C to 70°C for 3 to 7 hours. After the completion of sulfation, the greater part of pyridine Is removed by decantation. The obtained solution exhibits an acidity that is so strong that it is improper to apply the reaction with aluminum ion and, therefore, sodium hydroxide is added for neutralization. After the remaining pyridine is removed by concentration, 100 unit volumes of water per unit volume of the residue is added thereto. To the solution is then added aluminum ion solution mainly containing aluminum dihydroxychloride, the pH of which is 1.0 to 1.2, in such an amount that the aluminum ion Is present in an amount of 4 to 6 molar parts of the amount of disaccharide to provide a pH of 4 to 4.5. The mixture is reacted under stirring at room temperature and the formed disaccharide poly sulfate-aluminum compound is allowed to precipitate. After filtration, the residue is washed with water and dried. 

Other Methods of Preparation.—Ethyl 2-(D-ara6i no-tetrahydroxybutyl)-5-methyl-4-furoate has been prepared by heating D-glucose plus ethyl acetoacetate in aqueous alcohol without a catalyst,1 or from the same reagents (1 g. and 0.5 ml., respectively) in 0.5 ml. of 96% ethanol plus 1.5 ml. of water at room temperature in the presence of ferric chloride, zinc chloride (with small quantities of hydrochloric acid or of sodium hydroxide), cupric chloride, ferric sulfate, zinc sulfate, aluminum chloride, nickel chloride, or cobalt nitrate.18... 

Also, the influence of aluminum sulfate, animal glue, and an extract of horse-chestnut nuts on zinc electrowiiming from a weak acidic sulfate electrolyte prepared from an industrial waste product was investigated [401]. The use of additives mixture has a beneficial effect on zinc electrowinning and results in smooth, slightly bright zinc deposits. 

Aluminum sulfate is prepared by reaction of AI2O3 with sulfuric acid ... 

The manufacture of paper and allied products involves the preparation of wood and other raw materials, separation and recovery of cellulose fibers, and blending of the fibers with proper additives to produce furnish , which is formed into paper. The additives include sizing materials such as alum and resins, sodium aluminate, and wax emulsions synthetics, such as acrylics, isocyanates, and fiuocarbons and fillers such as clays, calcium carbonate and sulfate, talc, barium sulfate, aluminum compounds, and titanium oxide. When fillers are used, retention aids (starches or synthetic resins) are added to increase the retention of the filler. 

Ca(H2P0 2- Acidic aluminum salts, such as sodium aluminum sulfate, NaAl(S0 2> potassium aluminum sulfate [10043-01-3], KA1(S0 2> ammonium aluminum sulfate, (NH A1(S0 25 aluminum sulfate, Al2(S0 2> added during the preparation of pickles and reUshes to provide the same effect (48). 

Sodium alumiaate is widely used in the preparation of alumina-based catalysts. Aluminosilicate [1327-36-2] can be prepared by impregnating siHca gel with alumiaa obtained from sodium alumiaate and aluminum sulfate (41,42). Reaction of sodium alumiaate with siHca or siHcates has produced porous crystalline alumiaosiHcates which are useful as adsorbents and catalyst support materials, ie, molecular sieves (qv) (43,44). 

Monohydroxyaluminum distearate, (HO)Al(OOC(CH2) gCH2)2, used to be the largest selling aluminum carboxylate (1). Although stiU sold, the product is no longer Hsted in the U.S. International Trade Commission Report (1) because of low volume or confidentiahty constraints because of too few supphers. Aluminum distearate is a white powder that is insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether. A key property is its abiUty to gel vegetable oils and hydrocarbons. Aluminum distearate is prepared by the reaction of aqueous sodium stearate with aqueous aluminum sulfate or chloride at pH 7.3. Aluminum monostearate is formed if the sodium stearate solution is held at pH 9.5 (44). 

Aluminum nitrate nonahydrate is prepared by dissolving aluminum or aluminum hydroxide in dilute nitric acid, and crystaUi2ing the product from the resulting aqueous solution. It is made commercially from aluminous materials such as bauxite. Iron compounds may be extracted from the solution with naphthenic acids (21) before hydrate precipitation. In the laboratory it is prepared from aluminum sulfate and barium nitrate. 

A quinoline—bromine adduct in hot carbon tetrachloride containing pyridine gives a 90% yield of 3-bromoquinoline (21) 3-chloroquinoline [612-59-9] is prepared by an analogous route, but in poorer yield. A quinoline—aluminum chloride complex heated with bromine gives a 78% yield of 5-bromoquinoline [165-18-3] (22). Equal quantities of 5- and 8-bromoquinoline [16567-18-3] are formed when quinoline is treated with one equivalent of bromine in concentrated sulfuric acid containing silver sulfate (23). 

Sodium Aluminum Sulfate (SAS). Sodium aluminum sulfate is a dehydrated double salt of aluminum and sodium sulfate. It does not react with baking soda in cold, but in the heat of oven 1 mol of SAS produces 6 mol of carbon dioxide from reacting with baking soda. Historically, SAS was one of the first materials used to Hberate carbon dioxide from baking soda. Today its primary use is in household baking powder production. It is used either alone or in combination with MCP. SAS is not recommended for use in prepared mixes due to its lack of compatibiHty with other ingredients in a mix. 

The properties of 1,1-dichloroethane are Hsted ia Table 1. 1,1-Dichloroethane decomposes at 356—453°C by a homogeneous first-order dehydrochlofination, giving vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride (1,2). Dehydrochlofination can also occur on activated alumina (3,4), magnesium sulfate, or potassium carbonate (5). Dehydrochlofination ia the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride (6) proceeds readily. The 48-h accelerated oxidation test with 1,1-dichloroethane at reflux temperatures gives a 0.025% yield of hydrogen chloride as compared to 0.4% HCl for trichloroethylene and 0.6% HCl for tetrachloroethylene. Reaction with an amine gives low yields of chloride ion and the dimer 2,3-dichlorobutane, CH CHCICHCICH. 2-Methyl-l,3-dioxaindan [14046-39-0] can be prepared by a reaction of catechol [120-80-9] with 1,1-dichloroethane (7). 

FD C lakes were first approved for use ia 1959. Today, they are the most widely used type of lake. To make a lake, an alumina substrate is first prepared by adding sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide to a solution of aluminum sulfate. Next, a solution of certified colorant is added to the resulting slurry, then aluminum chloride is added to convert the colorant to an aluminum salt, which then adsorbs onto the surface of the alumina. The slurry is then filtered, and the cake is washed, dried, and ground to an appropriate fineness, typically 0.1—4.0 p.m. 

Benzanthrone has been prepared by three general methods, the first of which is generally regarded as the best (i) by heating a reduction product of anthraquinone with sulfuric acid and glycerol,1 or with a derivative of glycerol, or with acrolein. The anthraquinone is usually reduced in sulfuric acid solution, just prior to the reaction, by means of aniline sulfate, iron, , or copper. It has also been prepared (2) by the action of aluminum or ferric chloride on phenyl-a-naphthyl ketone, and (3) from i-phenylnaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid. ... 

Cyclohexene can be prepared on a large scale still more rapidly and efficiently by the distillation of cyclohexanol over silica geP or, better, activated alumina. Using a 25-mm. tube packed with 8- to 14-mesh activated alumina (Aluminum Company of America) and heated to 380-450 over a 30-cm. length, 1683 g. of cyclohexanol was dehydrated in about four hours. After separating the water, drying with sodium sulfate, and fractionating with a simple column, 1222 g. (89 per cent yield) of cyclohexene, b.p. 82-84 , was obtained. 

A unit used small amounts of sodium sulfite and potassium sulfate. It was custom and practice to call these two chemicals simply sulfite and sulfate. During a busy period someone from another unit was asked to help and was told to prepare a batch of sulfate. The only sulfate he knew was aluminum sulfate, so he prepared a batch of it. Fortunately the error was spotted before the sulfate was used [13]. 

Tonerde-hydrat, n. hydrate of alumina (aluminum hydroxide). -kali, n. potassium aluminate. -lack, m. alumina lake. -metaU, n. aluminum, -natron, n. sodium aluminate. -prMparat, n. alumina preparation, tonerderelch, a, rich in alumina, aluminous. Tonerde-galz, n. aluminum salt, -stein, m, alumina brick, -sulfat, n, sulfate of alumina... 

Preparation of cholesta-5,7-diene-ia,3/3-diol a solution of 500 mg of the 1,4-cyclized adduct of cholesta-5,7-dien-3/3-ol-ia,2a-epoxideand 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione in 40 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added dropwise under agitation to a solution of 600 mg of lithium aluminum hydride in 30 ml of THF. Then, the reaction mixture liquid Is gently refluxed and boiled for 1 hour and cooled, and a saturated aqueous solution of sodium sulfate is added to the reaction mixture to decompose excessive lithium aluminum hydride. The organic solvent layer is separated and dried, and the solvent Is distilled. The residue Is purified by chromatography using a column packed with silica gel. Fractions eluted with ether-hexane (7 3 v/v) are collected, and recrystallization from the methanol gives 400 mg of cholesta-5,7-diene-la, 3/3-diol. 

A solution is prepared by diluting 225 mL of 0.1885 M aluminum sulfate solution with water to a final volume of1.450 L. Calculate... 

One of the most important aluminum salts prepared by the action of an acid on alumina is aluminum sulfate, A12(S04)3 ... 

It may be prepared by slowly adding (with stirring) ammonium phosphate (0.2A/) to a solution of aluminum sulfate (0. LM)-... 

The compound may, alternatively, be prepared by the reaction of aluminum sulfate with sodium phosphate. 

When A. S. Marggraf tried to prepare alum from alumina and vitriolic acid, he found that unless he added fixed alkali he obtained no crystals (19). In 1777 Lavoisier clearly stated that potash is an essential constituent of alum (18, 20). In analyzing a water containing aluminum sulfate, which the younger Cassini had sent him from Italy, Lavoisier added some potash When he evaporated the solution, he obtained crystals of alum and realized that this was a verification of the results of Marggraf and of Macquer. 

Fig. 1.1.9 Particle size distribution curves obtained by light scattering for two different aluminum hydrous oxide sols prepared by aging at 98°C for 30 h solutions containing 5 X I0-4 and I X 10" mol dm--1 Al2(S04)j, respectively (solid lines). Dashed lines show the corresponding size distributions of the same sols after all sulfate ions in the particles had been exchanged for hydroxyl groups.

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