Suggested protocol

Crompton, T.R. (1985) Determination of Organic Substances in Water, Volume 1, Wiley, Chichester, 560 pp. 

HMSO (1983) High performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography, thin layer and column chromatography of water samples. Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials, HMSO, London, 99 pp. 

and Wilson, A.L. (1990) The Chemical Analysis of Water General Principles and Techniques, 2nd edn.. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 683 pp. 

Lindsay, S. (1990) High performance liquid chromatography. Analytical Chemistry by Open Learning, Wiley, Chichester, 244 pp. 

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As described in Chapter 1, the test battery approach is a pretest to establish an optimal AR protocol, based on the fact that two major factors (heat and pH) influence the achievement of a satisfactory result of AR-immunohistochemistry (IHC). As indicated in Table 1.1, a total of nine slides are required to test three conditions of heating temperature, and three different pH values of the AR solutions. Practically, it may be performed in simpler ways as shown in Table 1.2. The following suggested protocol is based on our experience. 

The best radiolabeling technique for SASD is to use the Iodogen method (Shephard et al., 1988) described in Chapter 12, Section 3. The following suggested protocol for using SASD was based on the method described in the Thermo Fisher Catalog. 

The following suggested protocol was developed by Barb Olson at Thermo Fisher for the labeling of soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) with its subsequent complexation with trypsin. Modifications to this procedure may have to be done for other proteins. 

A suggested protocol on the use of this fluorescent probe is described below. Optimization may be necessary to achieve the best level of fluorescent modification (F/P ratio) for a particular application. 

Texas Red hydrazide is soluble in DMF and may be dissolved as a concentrated stock solution in this solvent prior to the addition of a small aliquot to an aqueous reaction medium. The solid and all solutions made from it must be protected from light to avoid photo-decomposition. Prepare the stock solution fresh immediately before use. A suggested protocol on the use of this fluorescent probe may be obtained by following the method outlined for fluorescein-5-thi-osemicarbazide in Section 1 of this chapter. Optimization may be necessary to achieve the best level of fluorescent modification (F/P ratio) for a particular application. 

A suggested protocol for the use of biotin-HPDP in the modification of sulfhydryl-containing proteins follows. Similar procedures may be used when biotinylating other molecules. 

The protocol for modifying DNA probes with photobiotin can be found in Chapter 27, Section 2.3. It is based on the method of Forster et al. (1985). The following method is a suggested protocol for the modification of proteins using a photoreactive biotin derivative. Some optimization may be necessary to obtain the best incorporation levels. 

The following sections present suggested protocols for creating protein-bearing liposomes. Each method utilizes specific lipid modifications to form reactive groups capable of targeting amines, sulfhydryls, aldehydes, or carboxylates on the protein molecules. 

The following sections discuss the concept and use of the (strept)avidin-biotin interaction in bioconjugate techniques. Preparation of biotinylated molecules and (strept)avidin conjugates also are reviewed with suggested protocols. For a discussion of the major biotinylation reagents, see Chapter 11 and Chapter 18, Section 3. 

The following sections present suggested protocols for labeling (strept)avidin with selected fluorophores. Other fluorescent probes may be constructed using the reagents and methods discussed in Chapter 9. 

Chapter 11 and Chapter 18, Section 3, describe the major biotinylation compounds and their properties. Also provided in these sections are suggested protocols for reacting each of these reagents with specific functionalities on macromolecules. 

The following sections describe the principal reagents available for producing tagged molecules using fluorescent probes, radiolabels, and biotinylation techniques. In many cases, suggested protocols are included (or other sections referenced) for the use of these probes. 

Dermal Exposure Levels. Setting acceptable maximum dermal exposure levels to specific pesticides has been difficult. This is primarily due to a lack of specific data on dermal transport rates for specific pesticides as related to adverse effect levels and presumed no-effect levels. We are now requiring such data from the registrants, and our Department has a suggested protocol (1) that is offered to registrants that will provide such information from animal exposure studies. This dermal transport rate information is important in setting minimum field reentry intervals for field workers as well as in evaluating exposure levels of mixers, loaders, and applicators. 

The following section gives a suggested protocol for the chemical tests used in the identihcation of organic compounds. Variations of the procedures are possible, but these protocols have been used successfully for most organic identifications.1 111... 

The number of cells per microcarrier bead, the concentration of beads and the initial stirring conditions can vary dramatically. The following is a suggested protocol but if plating efficiency is poor the culture volume and speed of stirring can be decreased and the number of cells per microcarrier increased. 

Serpone N, Salinaro A. Terminology, relative photonic efficiencies and quantum yields in heterogeneous photocatalysis. Part I Suggested protocol. Pure Appl Chem 1999 71 303-20. 

Serpone N, Salinaro A (1999) Terminology Relative Photonic Efficiencies and Quantum Yields in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis. Part 1 Suggested Protocol, Pure Appl. 

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