Sucrose manufacture

High test molasses (invert molasses) is produced from cane sugar when sucrose manufacture is restricted because of overproduction. The cane sugar at ca 55 wt % solids is en2ymatically converted to invert symp to prevent crystallisation and evaporated to a symp. The product is used in the same applications as blackstrap molasses. 

Sucrose can, however, degrade to D-glucose and D-fructose in slightly alkaline solution at pH up to 8.3 (sucrose is most stable611 at pH 8.3-8.5, although the reason for this requires some elucidation), but this degradation proceeds by the normal acid-hydrolysis mechanism. In sucrose manufacture, therefore, the main reaction causing sucrose loss, between pH 7 and about 8.3, is the same acid hydrolysis that occurs at lower (acid) pH. 

Sugar cane wax is an interesting by-product of the sugar industry and one which has for the most part been neglected. It occurs in the so-called factory mud, which is usually discarded. It has been shown, however, that extraction of the wax is possible and that the product can be resolved into a fatty substance and a wax proper. The mud is extracted with benzene and the crude wax resolved into a pure wax and a fatty portion which is soluble in cold acetone. Indian workers have preferred to use an initial extraction with petroleum ether and to purify the extract by treatment with nitric acid. Alternatively the wax may be extracted directly from the expressed juice before the latter is processed for sucrose manufacture. The wax is of good quality approaching that... 

F. W. Zerban, The Color Problem in Sucrose Manufacture, Tech. Rept. Series, No. 2, Sugar Research Foundation, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1947. 

Zerban, F. W., Color Problem in Sucrose Manufacture, Sugar Research... 

Zerban, F. W. 1947. The color problem in sucrose manufacture. Sugar Research Foundation Technol. Kept. Ser. No. 2, 1-31. 

Ordinary glucose is ct-glucopyranose monohydrate m.p. 80-85°C and [ajp 4-113-4 . In solution it gives a mixture with the form with [alo 4-52-5 . It is manufactured from starch by hydrolysis with mineral acids, purification and crystallization, and is widely used in the confectionery and other food industries. It is about 70% as sweet as sucrose. 

Pharmaceutical Applications. Sucrose has a long history in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. It imparts body to symps and medicinal hquids and masks unpleasant tastes. Sucrose also functions as a diluent to control dmg concentrations in medicines, as an ingredient binder for tablets, and to impart chewiness to the latter. Sustained-release medications and protective tablet glazes are prepared using sucrose (41). Sucrose-based sugar pastes are used to promote wound healing (58). 

Olestra is prepared by a solvenfless transesterification process in which sucrose is treated with methyl ester of fatty acids in the presence of sodium methoxide between 100—180°C for 14 hours (68). The manufacturing process involves removal of the unreacted fatty acid esters by enzymic hydrolysis... 

Cyclamate is about 30 times (8% sucrose solution sweetness equivalence) more potent than sugar. Its bitter aftertaste is minor compared to saccharin and acesulfame-K. The mixture of cyclamate and saccharin, especially in a 10 1 ratio, imparts both a more rounded taste and a 10—20% synergy. Cyclamate (6) is manufactured by sulfonation of cyclohexylamine (7). Many reagents can be used, including sulfamic acid, salts of sulfamic acid, and sulfur trioxide (74—77). 

The disaccharide stmcture of (12) (trade name SPLENDA) is emphasized by the manufacturer as responsible for a taste quaUty and time—intensity profile closer to that of sucrose than any other high potency sweetener. The sweetness potency at the 10% sucrose solution sweetness equivalence is between 450 and 500X, or about two and one-half times that of aspartame. When compared to a 2% sugar solution, the potency of sucralose can be as high as 750X. A moderate degree of synergy between sucralose and other nonnutritive (91) or nutritive (92) sweeteners has been reported. 

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