Succinonitrile

Succinic acid reacts with urea in aqeous solution to give a 2 1 compound having mp 141°C (116,117), which has low solubiUty in water. A method for the recovery of succinic acid from the wastes from adipic acid manufacture is based on this reaction (118,119). The monoamide succinamic acid [638-32-4] NH2COCH2CH2COOH, is obtained from ammonia and the anhydride or by partial hydrolysis of succinknide. The diamide succinamide [110-14-3], (CH2C0NH2)2, nip 268—270°C, is obtained from succinyl chloride and ammonia or by partial hydrolysis of succinonitrile. Heating succinknide with a primary amine gives A/-alkylsucckiknides (eq. 9). 

Succinonitrile [110-61-2] M 80.1, m 57.9 , b 108 /lmm, 267 /760mm. Purified by vacuum sublimation, also crystd from acetone. 

Putrescine dihydrochloride has been prepared by the Hofmann degradation of adipamide 3.. s by the Curtius degradation of adipyl hydrazide through the urethane by the Curtius degradation of adipyl azide obtained from adipyl chloride and sodium azide by the Schmidt degradation of adipic acid with hydrogen azide by the reduction of succinonitrile, succinaldoxime, or 7-phthalimidobutyronitrile with sodium and from N-ben-zoyl-7-iodobutylamine ... 

Tetramethyl succinonitrile Tetramethyl thiourea Tetramethyl thiuram disulphide (thiram) Tetranitromethane... 

N. Noel, H. Jamgotchian, B. Billia. In situ and real-time observation of the formation and dynamics of a cellular interface in a succinonitrile-0.5 wt. J Cryst Growth 181 111, 1997. 

In its manufacture, methyl ethyl ketone is condensed with ethylcyanoacetate to give ethyl-2-cyano-3-methyl-2-pentenoate. That, in turn, adds HCN to give ethyl-2,3-dicyano-3-methyl-pentanoate. Saponification and decarboxylation gives 2-methyl-2-ethyl succinonitrile. Heating with aqueous NH3 gives the diamide which loses NHj and cyclizes to ethosuximide. 

Figure 2. Photographs of cellular and dendritic structures in a thin-film solidification experiment of an organic alloy (succinonitrile-acetone) reported by Ref. 6.

Table 1. Dimensionless values of parameters in the Solutal Model for two cases studied here. The systems I and II are representative of the thermophysical properties of the succinonitrile-acetone systems with differing values of the dif-fusivity ratio Rm, temperature gradient G and capillary parameter F. System III corresponds to parameters for a Pb-Sb alloy with equal diffusivities in melt and crystal...

Tetrabromoethane Tetraethylpyrophosphate Tetramethyl succinonitrile Thallium, soluble compounds Tin compounds, organic Toluene... 

Succinonitrile that is kept at a temperature of 80°C for forty six hours caused a violent decomposition, after being heated to 195°C to eliminate some compound solidified in a pipe. Differential thermal analysis showed that the reaction was self-accelerated with a period of induction of thirty three hours at 200°C and an hour and a half at 280 C. No heat was given off during the period of induction. Once started, the decomposition is very fast and there is no inhibitor. The cyanide ion shortens the period of induction. 

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