Succinic reaction with amines

Anhydrides can be converted to ra-amino acids via reaction with amines and reduction of the resultant imide or acyclic amide product. When succinic anhydride was treated with two equivalents of diethylamine. amido acid 2.37 was produced. ... 

Figure 9 A synthetic mixture of water-soluble carboxylic acids separated by anion-exchange chromatography. Column 0.3 cm x 300 cm Diaoion CA 08, 16-20 p (Mitsubishi Kasei Kogyo). Eluant 200 mM HC1. Detection reaction with Fe3-benzohy-droxamic acid-dicyclohexy carbodiimide-hydroxylamine perchlorate-triethyl amine with absorbance at 536 nm. Analytes (1) aspartate, (2) gluconate, (3) glucuronate, (4) pyroglutamate, (5) lactate, (6) acetate, (7) tartrate, (8) malate, (9) citrate, (10) succinate, (11) isocitrate, (12) w-butyrate, (13) a-ketoglutarate. (Reprinted with permission from Kasai, Y., Tanimura, T., and Tamura, Z., Anal. Chem., 49, 655, 1977. 1977 Analytical Chemistry).

Reactions with succinic anhydride or acetic anhydride to block dendrimer amines can be done in aqueous or methanolic solution. If organic solvent is used for the reaction, then it is typical to include triethylamine as a proton acceptor, which helps drive the reaction. Such reactions, however, can t be done to dendrimer amines once a protein containing amines also has been conjugated, as the protein too will get modified. 

However, most coupling chemistries do not go to completion so that the substrate will contain a mixture of functional groups capped with attached probe (SR) while others remain free (S ). These residual reachve functional groups must be capped or blocked in some manner to reduce nonspecific binding to the microarray. Residual surface amines may be capped by reaction with succinic anhydride. This renders the support neutral (SR). Using this abbreviated nomenclature, we can describe common surface modifications for microarray substrates. 

In this transamination, the effect of para substitient groups has been studied using fluorinated phenylpyruvic acids and L-aspartic acid. From these results, the migratory preference is H > F > Cl > Br > CF3. This order has been attributed to the bulkiness of the substituted group [57]. Direct amination of p-substituted succinic acid with phenylalanine ammonialyase (EC 4.3.1.5) has suggested very high substrate specificity that the order of reaction rate is m-F o-F P-p-F >CF3. 

Reaction products of poly(isobutenyl)succinic anhydride with (77) amino alcohols, amines and sorbitol... 

Combination of the reagents TiCU, BuaN, and TMSOTf, was reported to be effective for Claisen condensation, as exemplified in Eqs (42) and (43) [129]. When acyl-oxazolidinones were subjected to reaction with TiCU and a tertiary amine, homocoupling reaction at the a-position of the acyl group took place to give succinic acid derivatives [146], The lithium enolate of an ester or amide has been alkylated with an (N,C>)-acetal in the presence of Ti(0-/-Pr)4 (Eq. 44) [147,148]. 

BUTANEDIOIC ACID (110-15-6) Combustible solid. Dust or powder may form explosive mixture with air. Violent reaction with strong acids, strong oxidizers. Decomposes in elevated temperatures above 455°F/235°C, forming succinic anhydride. Violent reaction with all bases (exothermic reaction) including amines, amides, and inorganic hydroxides strong oxidizers, furfliryl alcohol (explosion), hypochlorites, isocyanides, nitromethane, chromic acid, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, phosphorus pentaoxide, sulfuric acid. Reacts, possibly,... 

Robinson s synthesis of tropine (210) on the other hand was as direct (two steps) as Willstatter s was long but it involved the use of the very sensitive succinic dialdehyde (from pyrrole) (157, 219). The fragments from the hypothetical fission of the symmetrical tropinone (XLVI) suggested to Robinson the possibility of obtaining this ketone by the condensation of succinic dialdehyde and methylamine with acetone. The primary reaction was considered to be the combination of succinic dialdehyde with methyl-amine and the resulting biscarbinolamine (XLIX) in turn condensed with acetone. This synthesis was realized when these reactants, in aqueous... 

Show how a mixture of n-butylamines prepared from n-butyl bromide and an excess of n-butylamine might be resolved into its components by reaction with succinic anhydride, separation of the products through advantage of their solubility properties in acid or base, and regeneration of the corresponding amines. Write equations for the reactions involved. 

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