Succinic acid resins

Dogutan, M., H. Filik, and I. Tor. 2003. Preconcentration and speciation of chromium using a melamine based polymeric sequestering succinic acid resin Its application for Cr(VI) and Cr(IH) determination in... 

Properties Succinic acid Resin based on Suberic acid Sebacic acid... 

Mliphatic dibasic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, and sebacic acids have also been used to make alkyd resins. Their linear chain stmcture lends higher flexibiUty and lower viscosity to the resin as compared to the rigid aromatic rings of phthaUc acids. 

From the chemical point of view, succinic acid and its anhydride are characterized by the reactivity of the two carboxyUc functions and of the two methylene groups. Uses range from pharmaceuticals to food, detergents, cosmetics, plastics and resins, plant growth regulators, textiles, photography, and gas and water treatment. 

Succinic acid is absorbed from aqueous solutions by anion-exchange resins or active carbon (9—11). Succinic anhydride forms rhombic pyramidal or bipyramidal crystals. It is relatively insoluble in ether, but soluble in boiling chloroform and ethyl acetate. Succinic anhydride reacts with water and alcohols, giving the acid and monoesters, respectively. 

The chemical nature of amber is complex and not fully elucidated. It is believed not to be a high polymer, the resinous state being accounted for by the complexity of materials present. The empirical formula is CioHigO and true amber yields on distillation 3-8% of succinic acid. 

A series of experiments was conducted to form monoethyl and diethyl succinate using either sulfuric acid or acidic ion-exchange resin as catalysts. The esterification of succinic acid is modeled as a simple series reaction sequence. 

In addition to high biodegradability, Bionolle is verified by this smdy to offer CO2 emission characteristics superior to conventional resins, despite the fact that raw materials (succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol) are derived from naphtha. Given the prospects for producing succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol from biomass and waste paper, Bionolle may eventually offer even greater environmental benefits when it... 

Polymerization of Bionolle 3001 (polybutylene succinate/adipate) using bio-based and petro-based succinic acid was examined. As for polymerization conditions and processability, there was no significant difference between these two types of resin. Mechanical properties of blown films processed from both resins were almost the same. The quality of bio-based succinic acid turned out to be good enough as a polymer grade. 

Tartaric acid-glycerol polyesters were reported in 1847 by Berzelius [13] and those of ethylene glycol and succinic acid were reported by Lorenzo in 1863 [14]. Carothers and Van Natta [15] extended much of the earlier work and helped clarify the understanding of the polyesterification reaction in light of the knowledge of polymer chemistry at their time. Polyethylene terephthalate [16, 17] and the polyadipates [18] (for polyurethane resins) were the first major commercial application of polyesters. 

It is soluble, with a brown color, in strong sulphurio acid from which water precipitates the greater part of a yellow color, which retains a little of the acid by boiling with the same add tannin and charcoal are produced. Nitric acid changes it to a yellow resin, which gradually dissolves in the acid. Finely powdered, and boiled with solution of caustic or carbonated alkali, much succinic acid is removed and pure water ex tracts a resinate of the alkali from the residue, leaving amber bitumen. 

Turpentine is an oleo-resin exuded from the trunks of certain conifers (so-called Scio turpentine is obtained from one of the Terebinthaceae, Pistada terebinthus L.) and consists essentially of resin acids, neutral resins, volatile oil and small proportions of various other substances (succinic acid, bitter principles, colouring matters, water). Distillation of turpentine and rectification of the distillate gives oil oj turpentine, the residue being colophony. By dry distillation of the latter resin oils are obtained. The present chapter deals with the natural product, i.e. turpentine, and with the products obtained from it. 

The extraction of the desired product from the sorbent and the stable regeneration of the resin for further use are essential. The regeneration of some of these sorbents by methanol has also been tested (23). Hot water regeneration has been proposed as well (24). Back extraction with trimethy-lamine has been tested for succinic acid with consideration of formation of a succinate ester (13,25). 

Some resins were tested for in-process removal of succinic acid. Industrial-scale sorption is performed in columns. A packed column (1-cm id,... 

Fifty milliliters of a solution of succinic acid in medium was equilibrated overnight with a known amount of sorbent ( 5 g) in a manner similar to that in Table 1. Resins were regenerated in hot water at 90°C and capacities calculated using dry weights. 

Approximately half of the better resins were then tested for successive loading of succinic acid in simulated medium and regeneration using hot water. The final pH was near pH 5.0 This cycle was repeated for multiple cycles. Some of the hot water regeneration results are excerpted in Table 2. The best resins (Reillex 425, XUS 40285, and XUS 40091) have a stable capacity of about 0.06 g of succinic acid/g of resin. MWA-1 was not included in these tests because of its lower capacity however, it was reexamined in later... 

In a similar manner, the sorbents were tested for their capacity for the substrate of the planned fermentation, glucose. Glucose was found to adsorb with all tested resins (data not shown). Maximum glucose capacities ranged from 0.01 to 0.04 g/g. However, the resinpreferred succinic acid at a ratio near 4 1 for Reillex 425,4 1 for XUS 40091, and 8 1 for XUS 40285. Sorbents that preferentially sorbed glucose over succinic acid were eliminated from further testing. 

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