Substantia innominata

Fig. 8.1 Rostrocaudal neuroanatomical distribution of CCR5-immunoreactivity in the telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon using a CCR5 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Regions corresponding to pictures are depicted in coronal diagrams taken from the Paxinos and Watson (1998). (a, b) M Motor cortex, (c, d) CPu caudate putamen (striatum), (e,t)SID substantia innominata dorsal part, (g, h) GP globus pallidus, (i, j)Me medial amygdaloid...

Swerdlow, N.R. Swanson, L.W. and Koob, G.F. Substantia innominata Critical link in the behavioral expression of mesolimbic dopamine stimulation in the rat. Neurosci Lett 50 19-24, 1984. 

Figure 6.2 The location and distribution of the histamine-containing neurons in the brain. These neurons are localized in the tuberomammiUaiy nucleus within the posterior hypothalamus and send projections throughout the brain. Abbreviations Hi, hippocampus Hy, hypothalamus IC, inferior colliculus OB, olfactory bulb SC, superior colliculus SI, substantia innominata St, striatum TH, thalamus TMN, tuberomammillary nucleus. Adapted from Watanabe Yanai (2001).

Napier T. C., Potter P. E. (1989). Dopamine in the rat ventral pallidum/substantia innominata biochemical and electrophysiological studies. Neuropharmacology 28(7), 757-60. 

The junction between the MPOA and lateral preoptic areas is the ventral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (ventral BST), and excitotoxic lesions disrupt retrieval behaviors and other aspects of maternal behavior in postpartum rats (Numan and Numan, 1996). Strong ventral BST projections to the lateral septum, substantia innominata, PVN, VTA, periaque-dutal gray matter, retrorubral field, and the region surrounding the locus coeruleus (Numan and Numan, 1996). 

Numan, M., Corodimas, K.P., Numan, M.J., Factor, E.M., and Piers, WD. (1988) Axon-sparing lesions of the preoptic region and substantia innominata disrupt maternal behavior in rats. Behav Neu-rosct 102 381-396. 

Baker GB, Reynolds GP Biogenic amines and their metabolites in Alzheimer s disease noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxy indole-3-acetic acid depleted in hippocampus but not in substantia innominata. Neurosci Lett 100 335-339, 1989... 

Hanyu, LL, Tanaka, Y., Sakurai, LL, Takasaki, M., Abe, K. Atrophy of the substantia innominata on magnetic resonance imaging and response to donepezil treatment in Alzheimer s disease. Neurosci. Lett. 319(1), 33-36, 2002. 

Idiopathic Parkinsonism is distinguished from the other syndromes by the presence of Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus, and to a lesser extent in the substantia innominata, hypothalamus, dorsal medulla and sympathetic ganglia (Figure 13.2). 

Regarding the cholinergic system, there is evidence that the pathway from the substantia innominata to the cortex degenerates in Parkinsonism, and that the septohippocampal pathway is also functioning suboptimally. As more than 30% of Parkinsonian patients exhibit intellectual deterioration with deficits in cognitive function and memory, it is possible that these cholinergic deficits may account for at least some of the symptoms of parkinsonian dementia. 

Ennaceur A. Effects of lesions of the substantia innominata ventra pallidum globus pallidus and medial septum on rat s performance in object-recognition and radial-maze tasks physostigmine and amphetamine treatments. Pharmacol Res 1998 38 251-263. 

Alheid GF, Heimer L (1988) New perspectives in basal forebrain organization of special relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders the striatopallidal, amygdaloid and corticopetal components of the substantia innominata. Neuroscience 27 1-39. 

Evenden JL, Marston HM, Jones GH, Giardini V, Lenard L, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW (1989) Effects of excitotoxic lesions of the substantia innominata, ventral and dorsal globus pallidus on visual discrimination, acquisition, performance and reversal in the rat. Behav Brain Res 32 129-149. 

Heimer L, Harlan RE, Alheid GF, Garcias MM, de Olmos J (1997) Substantia innominata a notion which impedes clinical-anatomical correlations in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroscience 76 957-1006. 

Irle E, Markowitsch HJ (1986) Afferent connections of the substantia innominata/basal nucleus of Meynert in carnivores and primates. J Hirnforsch 27 343-367. 

Russchen FT, Amaral DG, Price JL (1985) The afferent connections of the substantia innominata in the monkey, Macaca fascicularis. J Comp Neurol 242 1-27. 

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