Subject virgin

Plastic, virgin A plastic material in the form of pellets, granules, powder, flock, liquid, etc. that has not been subjected to use or processing other than what was required for its initial manufacture. It is not recycled plastics. 

Although much has been discovered during late years, yet it seems highly probable that only the boundaries of the subject have been skirted, and that the vast field of research on the borderland, so to speak, between chemistry and physics, is almost virgin soil, holding out a bountiful harvest to those who, not content with treading the... 

Boundaries for the crossing, virginity for the taking, abundant harvests, trail-blazers—the very subject of physical chemistry s borderland status unleashed a profusion of stock metaphors connected with pioneering in a new world. Van t Hoff himself, as Nye notes, described physical chemistry as a new world arisen between the two continents of physics and chemistry (106). 

In addition to fibre obtained directly from plant sources by chemical or mechanical treatment (virgin fibre), recycled fibre is also used and to an increasing extent for paper and board production. A breakdown of world fibre usage is given in Table 1.2 and the subject... 

In a series of experimental runs on virgin commercial catalysts and sieves then available and some of our experimental catalysts, we quickly learned that a catalyst impregnated with vanadium, and subjected to high temperatures in steam and air deactivated rapidly. Vanadium, especially in the +5 valence state, rapidly deactivated a catalyst by destroying zeolite crystallinity (Figure 17). In the presence of sodium, the deactivation rate of vanadium was even more severe. (lA-17)... 

Our discussion appears to lead us away from the subject, and yet not so. We have to clear away this rubbish, before we can ever hope to find the Stone which the builders have so long rejected. It is this White Stone, which in synthetic form becomes visible as the Virgin of the World, and so glorious is the sight that no one could ever possibly blame the Sages for falling down and worshipping it, when once it bursts in full view. 

There are different types of plastics that are usually identified by their composition and/or performance. As an example there are virgin plastics. They are plastic materials that have not been subjected to any fabricating process. NEAT polymers identify plastics with Nothing Else Added To. They are true virgin polymers since they do not contain additives, fillers, etc. They are very rarely used. Plastic materials to be processed are in the form of pellets, granules, flakes, powders, flocks, liquids, etc. Of the 35,000 types available worldwide there are about 200 basic types or families that are commercially recognized with less than 20 that are popularly used. Examples of these plastics are shown in Table 1.1. 

Alchemical Salt, or the Body of a thing, provides the matrix wherein the Sulfur and Mercury can act. It is a passive medium, the Virgin Earth, subject to the fixed energies of... 

Profile material has been successfully subjected to repeated extrusion to investigate the effect of loss of properties and durability when PVC waste is reprocessed. Colour deterioration was the main issue (indicating a need for a virgin cap material to retain colour, if necessary) (211). Fence posts based on a core of recycled PVC, enclosed in a virgin cap skin, have been developed. At present, this depends on post industrial waste, such as off-cuts and off specification profile materials as the source (99). Arecycling project, for vinyl sidings in the USA, has also been conducted (397) (www.vinylinfo.org). 

Virgin ACFs, AW2001, supplied by Taiwan Carbon Co. was used in this work. To sensitize the surface of ACFs were immersed in a solution composed of acidified tin chloride solution at concentration of S g-f for 5 min at room temperature, and followed by a rinse with distilled water. The ACFs were successively subjected to a copper electroplating in copper plating solutions with varying treatment time. 

The procedures used for the extraction and processing of sunflower oil are broadly the same as for other seed oils. Focus will be made on those operations or details specific of the production of sunflower oil. Sunflower oil is usually extracted through pressing of seed and later extraction by solvent. The crude oil is usually subjected to traditional refining stages. Otherwise, cold-pressed sunflower oil is currently valued as a new extra virgin oil. 

Virgin oils currently available on the market are not restricted to virgin olive oil but include other oils obtained by cold pressing of seed. These oils are appreciated highly by consumers in view of their nutritional characteristics and flavor (particularly those organoleptic notes that are lost in refined oils). The consumer appreciates the natural characteristics of these oils, as they are not subjected to chemical treatment. A relatively new market has developed for these oils in the U.K., Germany, France, Italy, and Switzerland, among other markets. Sunflower oil is manufactured and commercialized as cold-pressed or first cold-pressed oil. 

These issues are briefly examined in this chapter to provide a starting point and a foundation for development of the primary subject of this book—energy and fuels from virgin and waste biomass. Special emphasis is given to the United States because it utilizes about one quarter of the energy consumed in the world. 

It is sometimes desirable to physically separate potential biomass feedstocks into two or more components for different applications. The subject is quite broad in scope because of the wide range of biomass types processed and the variety of separation methods that are used. Even the harvesting of virgin biomass involves physical separation technologies. Examples are the separation of agricultural biomass into foodstuffs and residues that may serve as fuel or as a raw material for synfuel manufacture, the separation of forest biomass... 

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