Subject serum

Serology Guttormsen et al. 136 CD subjects Serum samples were Gliadin, avenin, and tTG Findings support the... 

Fluvoxamine increases the systemic availability of oral melatonin, probably by reducing its first-pass clearance (34). In a crossover study in seven healthy subjects, serum melatonin concentrations were increased by fluvoxamine but not citalopram (35). In another study fluoxetine, paroxetine, citalopram, imipramine, and desipramine did not affect the biotransformation of melatonin at therapeutic concentrations in vitro (36). 

Some of this free radical covalently binds to specific liver protein and elicits an immune response. This scenario is supported by data obtained in human subjects. Serum samples from patients suffering from halothane hepatitis contain antibodies directed against neoantigens formed by the trifluroacetylation of liver proteins. In addition, the administration of radiolabeled halothane to a patient undergoing a transplant operation resulted in the detection of covalent binding in liver protein. 

Following a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg to 5 subjects, serum concentrations of 0.30 to 0.68 ig/ml (mean 0.5) were reported after 4 hours the ratio of erythrocyte to serum concentration varied with time and between individuals, but erythrocyte concentrations were generally higher than serum concentrations after 48 hours (G. M. Trenholmee/ al., ibid.). 

After oral doses of 100 mg three times a day to 9 subjects, serum concentrations of 20 to 98 pg/ml (mean 49) were reported on the 8th day (J. H. Baron et al.. Factors affecting the Absorption of Carbenoxolone in Patients with Peptic Ulcer, in 4th Symposium on Carbenoxolone, F. A. Jones and D. V. Parke (Ed.), London, Butterworths, 1975, pp. 115-124). 

Following single intravenous injections of 2.5 mg/kg to 5 subjects, serum concentrations of about I pg/ml were reported after 15 minutes (J. Wieber et al., Anaesthesist, 1975, 24, 260-263). 

Following daily oral doses of 3 to 14.5 mg/kg to 36 subjects, serum concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 12.5 ig/ml peak concentrations were attained 1 to 5 hours after a dose (O. V. Olesen, Actapharmac. tox., 1968, 26, 22-28). 

Subsequently, Qureshi (169) extended his investigations to TRF (Palm Vitee) from palm oil in both animal and human models. In a double-blind crossover study involving 20 hypercholesterolaemic human subjects (serum cholesterol >294 mg/dL), Palm Vitee supplementation was found to cause a significant drop in serum TC and LDL-C. The LDL-associated apolipoprotein Apo B was also decreased by 9-11%. Moreover, Palm Vitee supplementation resulted in a significant decrease (25%) in serum thromboxane and platelet factor PF4 by 16%. Similar cholesterol-lowering effects of Palm Vitee have also been indicated in genetically hypercholesterolemic swine (170). 

Interpretation In normal subjects, serum cortisol concentration is suppressed to 2 pg/dL or less after administration of 1 mg of dexamethasone. Most patients with Cushing s syndrome do not show adequate suppression, and 0800 hours cortisol concentrations are usually >10pg/dL. Serum cortisol >2pg/dL may also be seen in cases of stress, obesity, infection, acute or chronic illness, alcohol abuse, severe depression, oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, estrogen therapy, failure to take the dexamethasone, or treatment with phenytoin or phenobarbital (enhancement of dexamethasone metabolism). 

Oxolonic acid is in vitro more efficient than nalidixic acid. The therapeutic mechanism is in this case too thought to be inhibition of bacterial DNA synthesis. The optimal action is in the range of pH 6.5-8. The half-life in serum is 2 /2-3 h. After oral administration of 4 x 240 mg oxolonic acid to human subjects, serum concentrations of 1.8 pg/ml and average 24-h-urine concentrations of 40 pg/ml are reached. 

In the same 15 euthyroid subjects, serum concentrations of PBl, T3 uptake and iodothyronines, and degradation rates of thyroxine were all within the normal range and Fig.5 shows the comparison between the thyroidal absolute iodine uptake and the degradation of thyroxine. The results are essentially the same as in rat thyroids and this balance is a good example of autoregulalion. 

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