Subject saving

Subsea production systems provide for large savings in manpower as they are unmanned facilities. However, these systems can be subject to very high opex from the well servicing and subsea intervention point of view as expensive vessels have to be mobilised to perform the work. As subsea systems become more reliable this opex will be reduced. 

Transportation is often an important part of produc t cost. Bulk transportation may provide significant savings. When there is a choice between two or more forms of transportation, the competition may result in rate reduc tion. Transportation is subject to considerable regulation, which will be discussed in some detail under specific headings. 

Example 2.8 A polypropylene sandwich moulding is 12 mm thick and consists of a foamed core sandwiched between solid skin layers 2 mm thick. A beam 12 mm wide is cut from the moulding and is subjected to a point load, IV, at mid-span when it is simply supported over a length of 200 mm. Estimate the depth of a solid beam of the same width which would have the same stiffness when loaded in the same way. Calculate also the weight saving by using the foam moulding. The density of the solid polypropylene is 909 kg/m and the density of the foamed core is 6(X) kg/m. ... 

The primary concern of medieval Christian eschatology concerned the issue of individual subjectivity and its constituent components, body and soul. Christian eschatology, in a similar fashion to its preceding Iranian and Judaic sources, insisted that human identity was irrevocably embedded within its physical body. Hence, if humanity was to resurrect in its entirety, then it had to be accompanied by its original material form. A purely spiritual resurrection on the pagan Greek model would not fulhl Christ s promise that by his own death and resurrection he had saved the faithful from eternal death. 

Like clozapine, risperidone has been subjected to all levels of pharmacoeconomic evaluation. For example, two health-care models have predicted substantial savings resulting from the use of risperidone (Keks, 1997 Davies et al, 1998). 

Clinical trials are costly to conduct, and results are often critical to the commercial viability of a phytochemical product. Seemingly minor decisions, such as which measurement tool to use or a single entry criterion, can produce thousands of dollars in additional costs. Likewise, a great deal of time, effort and money can be saved by having experts review the study protocol to provide feedback regarding ways to improve efficiency, reduce subject burden and insure that the objectives are being met in the most scientifically sound and cost-effective manner possible. In particular, I recommend that an expert statistician is consulted regarding sample size and power and that the assumptions used in these calculations are reviewed carefully with one or more clinicians. It is not uncommon to see two studies with very similar objectives, which vary by two-fold in the number of subjects under study. Often this can be explained by differences in the assumptions employed in the sample size calculations. 

Color is often used as an indicator of food quality due to short evaluation times and cost savings. " People consider the colors of raw materials, half fabricates, and final products in order to make decisions to accept or reject food products. For example, levels of anthocyanins have been used to evaluate the adulteration of various pigmented food products, and fruit color is a strong determinant of ripeness. The role of the food handler in controlling the colors of food products is very important because such judgments are subjective. ... 

Waste reduction methods reduce the amount of waste generated and also the amount subject to environmental regulations. Hence, these practices can help an electroplating shop comply with requirements and save money. The shop s owner or manager must be committed to waste reduction and pass that commitment on to the employees. 

The determination of the present value for the depreciation plans is one of the best ways of comparing depreciation plans. In calculating the present value it will be assumed that depreciation expenses remain in the company and effectively reduce income taxes. If the income tax rate on earnings is 48%, then the amount of income tax saved when depreciation expenses are increased by 100 is 48. Therefore, the net savings of including depreciation as an expense is 48% of all depreciation. If the net salvage value is less than the book value after depreciation, the difference is an income and is subject to taxation. Since the amount will be the same for each of the depreciation schemes, it will not be considered in comparing the different methods. 

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