Subchlorides

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Basic Bismuth Chloride Bismuth Chloride Oxide Bismuth Subchloride Bismuthyl Chloride Pearl White Chemical Formula BiOCl. 

Halb-bleiche, /. half bleach cream color, -chlorschwefel, m. sulfur subchloride (monochloride). 

Reactions (1) and (2) above are actually greatly simplified. In reality, it is likely that subchlorides such as TiCl3 and TiCl2 will be formed in Reaction (1) and higher boranes in Reaction (2). Such factors are not revealed by the simple free-energy change calculations. 

This reaction is carried out at about 1200 °C. The gaseous aluminum subchloride (A1C1) product is cooled in a separate zone to about 700 °C, to bring about decomposition of the gas into aluminum and aluminum trichloride. The aluminum is obtained in a molten, substantially pure state. The aluminum trichloride is recirculated for the production of additional amounts of the subchloride. 

Synonyms Sulfur chloride sulfur subchloride disulfur dichloride... 

Also, the metal can be obtained by nonelectrolytic reduction processes. In carbothermic process, alumina is heated with carbon in a furnace at 2000 to 2500°C. Similarly, in Subhalide process, an A1 alloy, Al-Fe-Si-, (obtained by carbothermic reduction of bauxite) is heated at 1250°C with AlCl vapor. This forms the subchloride (AlCl), the vapor of which decomposes when cooled to 800°C. 

Synonyms bismuth chloride oxide basic bismuth chloride bismuth subchloride bismuthyl chloride... 

Synonyms disulfur dichloride sulfur subchloride sulfur monochloride... 

Bismuth Chloride Oxide Bismuth Oxychloride Bismuth Subchloride Bismuthyl Chloride Bisphenol A... 

The electrolysis Of fused alkali salts.—Many attempts have been made to prepare sodium directly by the electrolysis of the fused chloride, since that salt is by far the most abundant and the cheapest source of the metal. The high fusion temp. the strongly corrosive action of the molten chloride and the difficulty of separating the anodic and cathodic products, are the main difficulties which have been encountered in the production of sodium by the electrolysis of fused sodium chloride. Attention has been previously directed to C. E. Acker s process for the preparation of sodium, or rather a sodium-lead alloy, by the electrolysis of fused sodium chloride whereby sodium is produced at one electrode, and chlorine at the other but the process does not appear to have been commercially successful. In E. A. Ashcroft s abandoned process the fused chloride is electrolyzed in a double cell with a carbon anode, and a molten lead cathode. The molten lead-sodium alloy was transported to a second chamber, where it was made the anode in a bath of molten sodium hydroxide whereby sodium was deposited at the cathode. A. Matthiessen 12 electrolyzed a mixture of sodium chloride with half its weight of calcium chloride the addition of the chloride of the alkaline earth, said L. Grabau, hinders the formation of a subchloride. J. Stoerck recommended the addition of... 

Horn quicksilver—subchloride of mercury, or native ealome]—is found associutsd with the other ores of quicksilver at Idria, at Deux-Ponts, in Spain, and elsewhere. It is a yellowish or ash-grey mineral, sectile, and suhtranslucent. Sometimes it occurs as a crust, or forms granular concretions,. At other times it crystallizes in four-sided prisms. Its specific gravity is 6-4S2, whilst that of the powdered calomel of the shops is 7T4, and that of the crystallized factitious subchloride is 7-2. 

Concentrated boiling solutions of the fixed alkaline chlorides, and of ohloride of ammonium, react upon calomel in the same way. Hot strong nitric acid readily dissolves the subchloride of mercury, converting it into a protonitrate and protoohloride of the metal, It is readily sublimed, and forms crystals on condensing. Its applications are chiefly medicinal, hut it is employed in the laboratory as a test, though not frequently so used. 

Any subchloride of mercury which may happen to he formed during the sublimation, owing to its not being so volatile as corrosive Sublimate, forms a whitish ring cn the lower part of the sublimed crust, and thus admits of being removed. Such portions may be added 4 E... 

Chemical Properties.—Arsenic trichloride vapour reacts with hydrogen when the mixture is subjected to an electric discharge, a brown deposit, thought to be a mixture of arsenic and a subchloride, being formed on the walls of the containing vessel.16 The vapour also reacts with oxygen when a mixture of the two is passed through a tube... 

CaCl (c). Benoit2 reported the value 72.2 for the heat of solution of CaCl (c) in aqueous HC1 which yields Qf=96.9. Since the mixture CaCl2 (c) +i Ca (c) would have a heat of formation of 95.3, the existence of the subchloride, CaCl (c), appears doubtful. 

SrCl (c). Benoit2 reported the heat of solution in aqueous HC1 for this supposed subchloride. 

Preparative electrolysis of IIGcC.l3-2iil.2O leads, as expected, to the formation of GeCl4 and Ge-subchlorides. 

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