Styrene reaction with sulfuric acid

Sommelet reaction, 33, 93 Sorbic acid, 5-hydroxy-/3-methyl, J-lactone, 32, 57 Stannic chloride, 33, 91 Stearic acid, 34, 15 Stearone, 33, 84 cis-Stilbene, 33, 88 fraws-Stilbene, 33, 89 Stirrer, for caustic fusion, 30, 104, 105 seal for, 30, 54 Stobbe condensation, 30, 18 Styrene, 33, 72 34, 85 reaction with sulfuric acid, 35, 83 Styrene dibromide, 30, 73 Styrene oxide, 31, 3 0-Styrenesulfonyl chloride, 34, 85 Succinic acid, 34, 44 Succinic acid, < -benzhydrylidene-, a-ETHYL ESTER, 30, 18 CLNNAMYL-, 31, 85 DIPHENYL ESTER, 34, 44 HEPTANOYL-, DIETHYL ESTER, 34, 51 PHENYL-, 30, 83 Succinic anhydride, 34, 40 SUCCINONITRILE, a, -DIPHENYL-, 32, 63 Sulfide, methyl 2-thienyl, 35, 85 Sulfonation of styrene, 34, 85 Sulfonyl chloride, from sodium sulfonate, 34, 85... 

In general, the cationic polymerization by an oxo acid involves a termination reaction. For instance, the polymerization of styrene initiated with sulfuric acid in 1,2-dichloro-ethane proceeds very rapidly during the first phase, but stops completely before the monomer is totally consumed The final (asymptotic) conversion increases in... 

Some l-alkyl-4-aryl-3-piperideines are obtained from a-methyl-styrene and its derivatives by the reaction with formaldehyde and hydrochloride of a primary amine, rearrangement of the resulting oxazine derivative (14) with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to l-alkyl-4-aryl-4-piperidinol, and dehydration of the latter.13-15... 

STYRENE MONOMER (100-42-5) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 88°F/31°C). Unless inhibited (often with /ert-butylcatechol) in adequate concentrations, polymerization may occur and container may explode. Polymerization can be caused by elevated temperatures above 151°F/66°C, oxidizers, butyl lithium, peroxides, UV light, or sunlight. Violent reaction with chlorosulfonic acid, strong oxidizers, sulfuric acid, xenon tetrafluoride. Incompatible with acids, rust, catalysts for vinyl polymerization, 2,5-dimethyl-... 

The principal use of the alkylation process is the production of high octane aviation and motor gasoline blending stocks by the chemical addition of C2, C3, C4, or C5 olefins or mixtures of these olefins to an iso-paraffin, usually isobutane. Alkylation of benzene with olefins to produce styrene, cumene, and detergent alkylate are petrochemical processes. The alkylation reaction can be promoted by concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, aluminum chloride, or boron fluoride at low temperatures. Thermal alkylation is possible at high temperatures and very high pressures. 

Sulfinic esters, aromatic, by oxidation of disulfides in alcohols, 46, 64 Sulfonation ot d,l camphor to d,l-10-camphorsulfomc acid, 45,12 Sulfoxides, table of examples of preparation from sulfides with sodium metapenodate, 46,79 Sulfur dioxide, reaction with styrene phosphorus pentachlonde to give styrylphosphomc diclilonde, 46,... 

The addition of a cation to an olefin to produce a carbonium ion or ion pair need not end there but may go through many cycles of olefin addition before the chain is eventually terminated by neutralization of the end carbonium ion. Simple addition to the double bond is essentially the same reaction stopped at the end of the first cycle. The addition of mineral acids to produce alkyl halides or sulfates, for example, may be prolonged into a polymerization reaction. However, simple addition or dimerization is the usual result with olefins and hydrogen acids. The polymerization which occurs with a-methyl-styrene and sulfuric acid or styrene and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures in polar solvents is exceptional.291 Polymerization may also be initiated by a carbonium ion formed by the dissociation of an alkyl halide as in the reaction of octyl vinyl ether with trityl chloride in ionizing solvents.292... 

Agents for the drying of liquids must, of course, be chemically inert, as otherwise undesired side reactions could occur (e.g., styrene polymerizes explosively on contact with concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature). 

Concentrated sulfuric acid (0.316 mol) was added over lh to dimethyl sulfide (0.316 mol), the temperature of the reaction mixture being kept below 30°C. Methanol (0.156 mol) was then added over 30 min with the temperature below 35°C. After the mixture had been stirred for 5h, t-BuOH (0.048 mol) was added to it followed by potassium hydroxide (0.58 mol) in 10 equal aliquots over 2.5 h. Benzaldehyde (0.15 mol) was added after the seventh KOH aliquot0 and an alkaline pH had been achieved. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h and subjected to conventional pentane/aqueous work-up. Styrene oxide was isolated in a 55% yield. 

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