Studies of Manganese Dioxides

Several forms of manganese dioxide are known, most of which are non-stoichiometric and contain variable amounts of constitutional water (Chem. Ind. (1977) 446). A range of interesting surface and kinetic studies of well-characterised powders are described. 

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Ratieuville Y, Wu BE, Lincot D, Vedel J, Yu LT (1999) Voltammetric and electrogravimetric study of manganese dioxide thin film electrodes. J Electrochem Soc 146 S-1-17/23. Bakardjieva S, Bezdicka P, Grygar T, Vorm P (2000) Reductive dissolution of microparticulate manganese oxides. J Solid State Electrochem 4 306-313. 

Wu, B.L., Lincot, D., Vedel, J., and Yu, L.T. 1997. Voltammetric and electrogravimetric study of manganese dioxide thin film electrodes Part 1. Electrodeposited films. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 420, 159-165. 

The limitations of manganese dioxide in a two electrode capacitor were overcome by using activated carbon at the negative electrode. Such an asymmetric system was previously proposed13, without sufficient explanation for the performance observed. In the present study, a deep study of the mechanism of charge storage for both electrodes allowed the system to be optimized. 

Under similar conditions As(III) was not oxidized on Fe(III) oxide. Although such an oxidation is favored thermodynamically, it was reasoned (lj) that the kinetics of the process on the Fe(III) oxide are too slow. The role of manganese dioxide in the methylation of tin(II) and methyl tin(IV) ions has been studied (18). It was found that Sn(II) and Sn(IV) form methyl tin ions by CH transfer. Of particular importance was the... 

Rodrigues S, Munichandraiah N, Shukla AK (1998) A cyclic voltammetric study of the kinetics and mechanism of electrodeposition of manganese dioxide. J Appl Electrochem 28 ... 

The activity of NiO has been studied by Wagner and Hauffe (47) and others (22,49,50). Catalytic activity of this oxide is enhanced considerably by the addition of manganese dioxide. For the simple oxides, the activity decreases in the following series Mn02 > C02O3 > NiO > CuO (48). The catalysts containing nickel oxide are promoted by the addition of oxides of iron, copper, aluminum, and chromium. Iron, nickel, and cobalt chromites, as catalysts for the oxidation of CO, were investigated by Lory (30). 

Ohzuku, T., Kitagawa, M., and Hirai, T., Electrochemistry of manganese dioxide in lithium nonaqueous cell (III) x-ray diffractional study on the reduction of spinel-related manganese dioxide, J. Electrochem. Soc., 137, 769, 1990. 

Addition of an excess of manganese dioxide to an aqueous solution of D-fructose, followed by shaking for 15 hours, changes the optical rotation from —92.5 to —16.9° through the formation of D-ara6ino-hexosulose. This was proved by the formation of a quinoxaline derivative on reaction with o-phenylenediamine. A comprehensive study on this subject has been published in this Series. ... 

Suzuki Y, Mouri T, Suzuki Y et al. 1975. Study of subacute toxicity of manganese dioxide in monkeys. Tokushima J Exp Med 25 119-125. 

Biological Studies of Manganese Solution from Its Dioxide... 

The important conclusions that can be drawn from this study are (i) the concentration of the cyclic monomer (IV) formed in the flash pyrolysis of cured polysulfide polymers reflects the structure of the cured polymer (ii) thermogravimetric data could be used to find the presence of mercaptide bonds in the cured polymers and (iii) Py-GC and thermogravimetric techniques can be used to characterise insoluble polymers, which is clearly brought out in the case of manganese dioxide-cured polymer. 

Manganese oxides, characterized by low cost, abundance, and environmental compatibility, serve as a low cost replacement for precious metals. The first study reporting the capacitive behavior of manganese dioxide was published in... 

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