Structural fibers

CVD is used in the industrial production of inorganic structural fibers such as boron and silicon carbide. Boron fibers are, in... 

Tada, J., Kono, T., Suda, A., Mizuno, H., Miyawaki, A., Midorikawa, K. and Kannari, F. (2007). Adaptively controlled supercontinuum pulse from a micro structure fiber for two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy. Appl. Opt. 46, 3023-30. 

The development of a by-production system could further minimize the cost of such plant-derived products. For example, potatoes are the raw material for the production of technical grade starch. During this process, soluble proteins are separated by heat treatment and sold as animal fodder. Recombinant proteins could be produced in transgenic potato tubers as a by-product of starch extraction, and this would be useful for proteins produced in large amounts with a low commercial impact, like structural fiber proteins. 

Herbivores select certain plant species or parts and reject others. Plant defenses determine food choices as much as nutritional value does. Plants can defend themselves mechanically as with thorns, hairs, waxes, or structural fibers, and chemically with secondary plant compounds. Mammals have had to cope with plant defenses since they adapted to an herbivorous lifestyle approximately 85-100 millions years ago (Archibald, 1996). 

U. S. Dept. Commerce, Commercial Standard CS42-49, Structural Fiber Insulating Board, 4th ed., 1949. 

This medium specification includes any dispersive homogeneous medium such as air or water as well as structured fiber-like media such as photonic, mi-crostructured and tapered optical fibers. 

Ika M, Seki A, Watanabe K (2004) Hetero-core structured fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor with silver film. Sensors Actuators B Chem 101 368-372... 

Animal fibers are basically made up of some kind of protein. Collagen, a crystalline material, is the basic structural fiber of the animal kingdom. It is found in virtually all animals, usually as a component of a complex plant connective tissue. Its structure is based on a helical arrangement of three, noncoaxial, helical polypeptides, stabilized by interchain hydrogen bonds. The three helical... 

In another application electrospinning [189] of PS-fo-P4VP(PDP)i.o supra-molecules was used to produce internally structured fibers with diameters in the range of 200-400 nm. Due to the block copolymer sample selected, self-assembly resulted in spherical P4VP(PDP) domains with the well-known internal lamellar structure. After the PDP was extracted from the fibers using methanol, porous fibers were obtained [190]. With this method, the thickness of the fibers can be tuned by adjusting the spinning conditions, and the size and nature of the pores can be controlled by the choice of block copolymer and amount of amphiphile. 

The amino acids, nucleotides, and sugars can all be polymerized to give the macromolecules characteristic of life proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides, respectively. Briefly, proteins comprise the machinery and much of the structure of life nucleic acids provide the information required to specify the proteins, and polysaccharides pi-vide structural fibers and energy storage molecules. 

Polysaccharides are grown by linkage of simple sugar units (carbohydrates). One example is starch, which is readily metabolized by humans and animals. Another is cellulose, which forms the structural fibers of plants and trees and appears in linen and cotton fabrics and in paper. 

L-liquid, G-gas, S-solid, Ll-Liquid phase 1, L2-Liquid phase 2 Geometry (2) packings, plates, films, spray, uniform, specific structures, fiber Geometry (3) even, rough, porous, chemically/physically inert/active surface... 

Jiang HL et al (2006) Modulation of protein release from biodegradable core-shell structured fibers prepared by coaxial electrospinning. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 79B(1) 50-57... 

Cusano A, ladicicco A, Campopiano S, Ciordano M, Cutolo A (2005) Thinned and micro-structured fiber bragg gratings towards new all fiber high sensitivity chemical sensors. J Opt A Pure Appl Opt 7 734-741... 

M. Ruta, I. Yuranov, P.J. Dyson, G. Laurenczy, L. Kiwi-Minsker, Structured fiber supports for ionic liquid-phase catalysis used in gas-phase continuous hydrogenation, J. Catal. 247 (2007) 269. 

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