Strophanthus

From Strophanthus kombe and other Strophanthus species (preparation of / -strophanthin-a, q. v.). Reference(s) ... 

Deoxy-3-0-methyl-L-mannose (3-O-methyl-L-rhamnose) HO HO H H HsC—C—C C—C—CHO H H MeO HO black-spruce hemicellulose Strophanthus sp. 

Some of the most well-known cardenolides include digitoxin from Digitalis purpurea (foxglove), convallarin from Convallaria (lily-of-the-valley), ouabain from Strophanthus and Acocanthera, many digitoxin-like cardenolides from... 

Glycosides isolated from leaves of various types of foxglove Digitalis lanta. Digitalis purpurea, and strophanthus Strophantus kombe, and also a number of other plants (hhes, periploca, oleander, hellebore, erysimum, jute, Irish ballon), which exhibit a direct effect on the myocardium and which strengthen its contractions. 

Strophanthus spp., Apoqmiaceae, Ang. from eastern and central Africa used as an arrow pois(xi... 

Types of Cardiac Glycoside. Three groups of plants produce cardenolides the Digitalis species, growing in temperate climates the Strophanthus species, of tropical provenance and Scilla (sea onion or squill), a Mediterranean plant. 

Strophanthus divaricatus (Lour.) Hook, et Arn. Yang Guo Nau (seed) Divaricoside, divostroside, sinoside, sinostroside, caudoside, caudostroside, sarmutoside.33 This herb is toxic. Cardiac stimulating action causing an increase of myocardiac contractility, slow the heart beat. 

N.A. Strophanthus gratus (Waliich Hook, ex Benth.) Ball. S. kombe L. Cardiac glycosides99 Treat snake bite, delay blood clotting. A mild heart tonic, improve heart efficiency. 

R. laevigata, R. maximowicziana, R. multiflora Agrimonia eupatoria, A. pilosa, A. viscidula Portulaca oleracea Acacia cutechu Picrorhiza kurroa Strophanthus divaricatus Strophanthus divaricatus Caulophyllum robustum Tripterygium wilfordii... 

Cynanchum paniculatum, Marsdenia tenacissima Sedum erythmstichum, S. kamtschaticum, S. verticillatum Sedum sarmentosum Strophanthus divaricatus... 

Cocculus diversifolius, C. thunbergi, Menispermum dauricum, Sinomenium acutum Strophanthus divaricatus Strophanthus divaricatus Angelica decursiva. 

Cardiac glycosides Adonis vemalis, Convallaria majalis, C. sepium, Euonymus atropurpureus, Strophanthus gratus, S. kombe... 

Many of the plants known to contain cardiac or cardiotonic glycosides have long been used as arrow poisons (e.g. Strophanthus) or as heart drugs (e.g. Digitalis). They are used to strengthen a weakened heart and allow it to function more efficiently, though the dosage must be controlled very... 

The distribution of cardiac glycosides in the plant varies in different species. Digitalis is obtained from the leaves and seeds strophanthus, from the seeds squill, from the bulbs Convallaria, from the flowers and ouabaio, from the wood and bark. In addition, there are saponin bodies that do not show the typical digitalis effect on the heart but which are extracted along with the glycosides, which possess the cardiac actions. 

From Strophanthus gratus a crystalline glycoside, ouabain, has been obtained. It was so named because it was first isolated from the root and bark of the Ouabaio tree, which is the source of an arrow poison used by the Somalis of East Africa. Because of its well-defined physical characteristics and crystalline structure, ouabain, C29H44012, served for a time as a standard in the U.S. for the assay of the digitalis group of drugs. 

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