Strophanthus glycosides

Strophanthus glycosides Ten tablets are powdered and extracted with 10 ml methanol for 5 min on the water bath 20 [d of each filtrate i.s used for chromatography. 

Glycosides—neutral isolation of digitalis, strophanthus glycosides... 

Glycosides isolated from leaves of various types of foxglove Digitalis lanta. Digitalis purpurea, and strophanthus Strophantus kombe, and also a number of other plants (hhes, periploca, oleander, hellebore, erysimum, jute, Irish ballon), which exhibit a direct effect on the myocardium and which strengthen its contractions. 

Types of Cardiac Glycoside. Three groups of plants produce cardenolides the Digitalis species, growing in temperate climates the Strophanthus species, of tropical provenance and Scilla (sea onion or squill), a Mediterranean plant. 

Cardiac glycosides Adonis vemalis, Convallaria majalis, C. sepium, Euonymus atropurpureus, Strophanthus gratus, S. kombe... 

Many of the plants known to contain cardiac or cardiotonic glycosides have long been used as arrow poisons (e.g. Strophanthus) or as heart drugs (e.g. Digitalis). They are used to strengthen a weakened heart and allow it to function more efficiently, though the dosage must be controlled very... 

The distribution of cardiac glycosides in the plant varies in different species. Digitalis is obtained from the leaves and seeds strophanthus, from the seeds squill, from the bulbs Convallaria, from the flowers and ouabaio, from the wood and bark. In addition, there are saponin bodies that do not show the typical digitalis effect on the heart but which are extracted along with the glycosides, which possess the cardiac actions. 

From Strophanthus gratus a crystalline glycoside, ouabain, has been obtained. It was so named because it was first isolated from the root and bark of the Ouabaio tree, which is the source of an arrow poison used by the Somalis of East Africa. Because of its well-defined physical characteristics and crystalline structure, ouabain, C29H44012, served for a time as a standard in the U.S. for the assay of the digitalis group of drugs. 

A glycoside obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus grains or from the wood of Acokanthera schimperi or A. ouabaio (Apo-cynaceae). 

A mixture of glycosides from strophanthus, the dried ripe seeds of Strophanthus kombe (Apocynaceae), adjusted by admixture with a suitable diluent such as lactose so as to possess 40% of the activity of anhydrous ouabain. 

In addition to the above source of cymarin, the glycoside may also be conveniently obtained from Strophanthus kombi seeds, which are generally commercially available. If an aqueous solution of the water soluble glycosides is extracted with chloroform, some cymarin may generally be obtained. For larger amounts, it is best to subject the seeds to the action of an enzyme as given above under the preparation of digitalose, followed by extraction of the concentrate with chloroform. 

The cardiac glycosides have up to now been isolated from a limited number of plant families Scrophuhridceae (Digitalis lanata), Apocynaceae (Strophanthus gratus, Nerium oleander), Hyacinthaceae (Urginea mar-itima), Convallariaceae (Convallaria majalis), and Ranunculaceae (Adonis vernalis). 

White powder or crystals poisonous cardiac glycoside (g-strophanthin) from the seeds of the African trees Strophanthus gratus and Acokan-thera ouabaio. Used as a heart stimulant and by some African peoples as a dart poison. Blocks the Na+/K+-ATPase. 

Deoxyaltrose (15) glycoside HoJ2 and HoJ6 158 Strophanthus graiue unknown ... 

S-Deoxy Sugars.— Two members of the 2-deoxyaldohexose series have recently been found in small amounts. Somewhat more widely distributed are the two known 2,6-dideoxyhexoses (34) and (35), and still more frequent are their 3-methyl ethers. Members of the four theoretical pairs of this series are known, and those of the arabiuo, lyxo, and ribo configurations are found in glycosides in both enantiomorphs. D-Oleandrose has, however, been found only in lanafolein, which is not a cardenolide. It is remarkable that both diginoses occur in the Strophanthus species—the... 

---