Detonations strong

Medard (Ref 6) examined its expl properties, and noted that it required a relatively weak initiator (0.25g of MF) to detonate a sample of d l.lOg/cc. Only the cast product (d 1.65g/cc) required a strong detonator (> 1.5g of MF). 

Mercuric and mercurous nitrates have the same oxidising properties as nitrates. The first has been involved in accidents with phosphine (formation of a complex, which detonates on impact) and alkaline cyanides. In the latter case, it is assumed that the danger arises from the formation of mercury nitrite, which is highly unstable in one particular accident the use of an apparatus with a narrow neck aggravated the effect, causing an effect of confinement. The second nitrate led to more or less strong detonations with carbon (red-hot) and phosphorus (on impact). 

Strong detonation since (supersonic flow to subsonic)... 

There is no condition by which one can rule out strong detonation however, Chapman stated that in this region only velocities corresponding to J are valid. Jouguet [8] gave the following analysis. 

Thus, it appears that solutions in region I are possible, but only in the transient state, since external effects quickly break down this state. Some investigators have claimed to have measured strong detonations in the transient state. There also exist standing detonations that are strong. Overdriven detonations have been generated by pistons, and some investigators have observed oblique detonations that are overdriven. 

Region I Pi> Pj supersonic flow to subsonic flow, strong detonation... 

Accdg to Baum et al (Ref 13, p 297, it has been known for a long time that liquid nitrated esters (NG, NGc 8c MeN) develop high velocities (6000-8000 m/sec) when initiated with strong detonators (such as No 8 LA), provided the chges are of sufficiently large diam. The same expls develop only ca 1500 mm if diams are small and detonators weak. Investigations recently conducted by Bobolev have shown that this phenomenon takes place also with solid expls, such as PA and solid NG in powder form... 

The other waves are classified as follows weak detonations, strong detons, weak deflagrations and strong deflagrations (Ref 38,... 

A permitted or permissible explosive is one that has been allowed for use in gas- or dust-filled coal mines. These explosives produce strong detonation but... 

TNX has been used in composite expls as a partial substitute for TNT. For example, Ya.I. Leitman proposed during WWII a mixt of TNT 95 TNX 5%, under the name of L plav (L-Fuse or L-Mixture), for castloading anti-tank mines and in demolition blocks. The L-Splav has a d of loading 1.54-1.56g/cc and mp 74°. It is more sensitive to initiation than TNT, requiring a smaller booster chge (such as Tetryl) and can be initiated by a very strong detonator alone. TNX has also been used in industrial expls... 

Ag nitrate. Beil (Ref 1) terms this salt as being v expl contact with one drop of ammonia causes a strong deton... 

Medard [23a] examined the explosive properties of methyl-a-D-glucopyranoside tetranitrate prepared according to Fleury et al. [12]. The product requires a relatively weak initiator, e.g. 0.25 g of mercury fulminate suffised to detonate a sample of the substance of density 1.10. Only the cast product (density 1.65) requires a strong detonator (over 1.5 g fulminate). 

Classification Weak deflagration Chapman-Jouguet deflagration Strong deflagration Weak detonation Chapman-Jouguet detonation Strong detonation... 

Strong detonations can be discussed qualitatively on Hugoniot or (M) curves but an additional classification is necessary if one is to analyze these waves quantitatively. A convenient means is provided by the introduction into the conservation equations of the function (I),... 

In the case of an adiabatic process (shock), Q = 0, / = 0, and F = 2. For the case where/ = 1, Equation 13 becomes the equation describing the limiting value of Q/CPTX and hence a Chapman-Jouguet detonation. All the cases of a strong detonation are then described by 1 < F < 2. 

Explosivos cloratado (Chlorate explosives). This class of expls contains 60—80% of chlorates or perchlorates (of Na, K or Amm) with combustible materials (such as C, S or Al), or organic substances such as vaseline, paraffin or oils Some examples of these expls are called Chedita (qv), and Cloratita, Coronita, Explosivos tipo O, Minelita and Trinolita. Their properties are similar to those of AN expls, except that they have higher densities and are somewhat more sensitive to impact. It is recommended that a strong Detonator such as No 7 or 8 be used for their initiation... 

When strong detonating energy is applied to solids which do not induce explosion, they will be pulverized. Since pulverized materials are more readily ignited than solids, it is likely that they catch fire. The explosion of such powder discharges energy which is transmitted to its surroundings. 

The experimental conditions determine whether a strong detonation, a Chapman-Jouguet wave, or a weak detonation will be observed at a given value of p. Under most experimental conditions, detonations are Chapman-Jouguet waves this topic will be discussed more fully in Section 6.2, since the reasoning involves concepts of the structure of the wave. 

Figure 2.5 shows that as the nomenclature implies, the pressure ratio and the velocity change across a strong detonation exceed those across a weak detonation. The strong detonation with p — oo and the isochoric weak detonation (t = 1), both of which propagate at infinite velocity (p = oo), represent unattainable limiting cases. 

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