Discharge energy

The mobility of lithium ions in cells based on cation intercalation reactions in clearly a crucial factor in terms of fast and/or deep discharge, energy density, and cycle number. This is especially true for polymer electrolytes. There are numerous techniques available to measure transport... 

In initiating PETN by sparks generated by a condenser discharge, Romanov Sten gach (Ref 14) found that discharge energies for 50% expln increased with increasing PETN particle size. Similar effects are reported for several other expls (see Vol 5, E43)... 

Recently Romanov and Sten gach (Ref 89) found that discharge energies for 50% explns of PETN Increased with PETN particle size, packing density, water content, circuit inductance, and a decrease in ambient temp. The discharge energy-interelect rode distance curve... 

An analysis of static ignition hazard should start with data on the ignition sensitivity of the particular flammable material at its most flammable concentration in air, i.e., its MIE. This is especially important for dusts. It is prudent to determine this value on fines of the specific dust of interest, rather than to rely on published data. Hybrid mixtures, i.e., mixtures of dust and vapor for which vapor concentrations may be below their lower flammable limit, can be ignited by smaller discharge energies than might be expected. 

Highest Electrostatic Discharge Energy at 5000 Volts for Zero Ignition Probability for Representative Materials... 

Results of tests giving the highest electrostatic discharge energies at 5000 volts for zero ignition propagation for various materials, are given in Table E6, which is complied from table 1 of Ref 4 and Table 3 of Ref 13... 

Electrostatic Discharge Energy and Voltage for Zero Ignition... 

Hydrogen fuel cells are widely used in forklift trucks and for power backup in data centers. The reason for their popularity, in contrast to lead-acid batteries is that they last longer (8 hours instead of 2 hours), require no recharging, can discharge energy faster, and their price is becoming competitive. 

When strong detonating energy is applied to solids which do not induce explosion, they will be pulverized. Since pulverized materials are more readily ignited than solids, it is likely that they catch fire. The explosion of such powder discharges energy which is transmitted to its surroundings. 

Fig. 6. 1.06 fan laser output energy as a function of lamp discharge energy in Nd,+(l%)-doped and Cr+(0.1%) Nd3+(1%) codoped fluoroindate glass rods. 

Figure 35.3 Effect of discharge energy input on frictional coefficient of coating.

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