Stress corrosion and

McEvily A J (ed) 1990 Atlas of Stress-Corrosion and Corrosion Fatigue Curves (Materials Park, OH ASM)... 

Table 8. Relative Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion and Dealloying of Commercial Copper Alloys...

Coriou, M., Grail, L, Mahieu, C. and Pelas, M., Sensitivity to Stress Corrosion and Intergranular Attack of High-nickel Austenitic Alloys , Corrosion, 22, 280 (1966)... 

Freiman, L. 1. and Kolotyrkin, Ya. M., Pitting Corrosion of Aluminium in Solutions of Sodium Perchlorate and Perchloric Acid , Zashch. Melal, 2, 488 (1966) C.A., 65, 19674d Novakovskii, V. M. and Sorokina, A. N., Comparative Electrochemistry of Stress Corrosion and Pitting of Stainless Steels in Chloride Solutions , Zashch. Melal, 2, 416 (1966) C.A., 65, 18152g... 

This aspect and the general stress corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement behaviour are considered in detail in Reference 37. 

Speidel, M. O., Corrosion fatigue in Fe-Cr-Ni alloys , Proc. Int. Conf. on Stress Corrosion and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Iron Base Alloys , Unieux-Firminy. France, 12-16 June 1973. NACE-5, pp. 1071-91 (1976)... 

In mechanistic studies of stress corrosion and also in the collection of data for remaining-life predictions for plant there is need for stress-corrosion crack velocity measurements to be made. In the simplest way these can be made by microscopic measurement at the conclusion of tests, the assumption being made that the velocity is constant throughout the period of exposure, or, if the crack is visible during the test, in situ measurements may be made by visual observation, the difficulty then being that it is assumed that the crack visible at a surface is representative of the behaviour below the surface. Indirect measurements must frequently be resorted to, and these... 

As corrosion products develop, so the rate of 02 diffusion reduces and the rate of general etch corrosion slows down. But in practice, the presence of surface deposits tends to promote various forms of localized corrosion such as tuberculation, pitting corrosion, and stress corrosion, and consequently the rate of corrosion continues unabated. 

In boilers containing pits as a result of oxygen corrosion, the pits may act as a site for additional stress-corrosion and corrosion fatigue mechanisms to occur. 

Hydrofluoric acid causes two types of corrosion, direct corrosion, in which iron fluoride is formed, and stress corrosion, in which the metal cracks. Electrolytic corrosion can also take place when the acid becomes diluted with water and two dissimilar metals or carbon are used. Because of the possibility of stress corrosion, all vessels in acid service must be stress-relieved. Monel is also subject to stress corrosion and must be stress-relieved. Care must be taken in stress-relieving Monel that sulfur or sulfur compounds do not come in contact with the Monel either before or during the heat treatment. 

Duplex stainless steel alloys are a mixture of ferritic (400 series) and austenitic (300 series) metals. They provide 1) resistance to stress corrosion and fatigue, 2) pitting resistance, 3) are suitable for a wide temperature range (-50°C to 280°C) and 4) are cost effective. In urea plants, duplex stainless steel is used to construct strippers, decomposers, condensers and pipe lines88. 

E. SNAPE obtained his BS and PhD degrees in Metallurgical Engineering from the University of Leeds in 1965. During his research career with Inco, he received numerous awards for his work on stress corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement, and became an international authority on this subject. In 1974, Dr. Snape pioneered the development of a waste reclamation process which now is being applied to the recovery... 

As discussed above, there are two pathways to carry out HI decomposition, and the respective process steps are listed in table 4.3 and table 4.4. Construction materials development has focused on identifying materials that can withstand the different acids and chemicals at the processing conditions. HI, acid and vapor are present in both distillation processes, whereas H3PO4 is only used in extractive distillation. Hence, the following discussion of candidate construction materials for Section HI will be based on chemical contents instead of processing environment, as was the case for the other two sections. First, data for general corrosion will be reviewed, followed by the effects of stress corrosion and chemical contamination. 

NaCl solution at 105 °C, which compares to about 35 MN/m3/2 for Kiscc for the less-severely sensitized alloy. The air-cooled alloy exhibited transgranular stress corrosion and the severely-sensitized material cracked intergranularly as shown in Fig. 7.108. 

F.P. Ford, Current Understanding of the Mechanisms of Stress Corrosion and Corrosion Fatigue, Environment-Sensitive Fracture Evaluation and Comparison of Test Methods, STP 821, S.W. Dean, E.N. Pugh, and G.M. Ugiansky, Ed., ASTM, 1984, p 32-51... 

NITROGEN OXYCHLORIDE (2696-92-6) Incompatible with water, producing hydrochloric acid solution and toxic red oxides of nitrogen. Acids or acid fumes produce highly toxic chloride fumes. Aqueous solution is incompatible with sulfuric acid, alkalis, ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, alkylene oxides, amides, epichlorohydrin, isocyanates, ni-tromethane, organic anhydrides, vinyl acetate. Corrodes aluminum, austenitic stainless steels (causing pitting attack and stress corrosion), and other metals in the presence of moisture. 

The microscopic aspect of the surface where the crack propagates due to stress corrosion and that where the final brittle fracture occurs are rather different. 

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