Streptomycin antibacterial activity

Substitution of an amino group into the molecule affords an iigent with antibacterial activity. Although seldom used alone, l, ira- aminosalicylic acid (PAS, 7) has been employed as an adjunct Id streptomycin and isoniazid in treatment of tuberculosis. 

Streptomycin possesses a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. It is the first clinically effective drug used for treating tuberculosis. Synonyms of this drug are streptan, strepto-col, and others. 

The aminocyclitol antibiotics—gentamicins, kanamycins, neomycins, paramomycins, spectinomycins, streptomycins, and tobramy-cins—constitute a group of basic oligosaccharides that have a broad, antibacterial activity.1,46... 

The widespread interest in fundamental information regarding the molecular structure of such an important antibiotic facilitated the rapid elaboration of the structure of streptomycin. The substance has been well characterized with regard to its antibacterial activity, protective and toxic effects and other biological properties. The investigations which led to the elucidation of the chemical structure of streptomycin form a noteworthy display of the more modern methods for structural determination and comprise a valuable contribution to carbohydrate chemistry. 

The antibacterial activity of 50 units of streptomycin per milliliter toward S. aureus was suppressed by 0.0002 milligram of lipositol per milliliter. The observers of this interesting phenomenon pointed out that the presence in lipositol of an inositol-galactose structure suggested the possibility of a metabolite-antimetabolite relationship with streptomycin. 

In the purposeful search that followed the demonstration of the clinical efficacy of penicillin, streptomycin was obtained from Streptomyces griseus in 1944, cultured from a heavily manured field, and also from a chicken s throat. Aminoglycosides resemble each other in their mode of action, and their pharmacokinetic, therapeutic and toxic properties. The main differences in usage reflect variation in their range of antibacterial activity crossresistance is variable. 

In the light of its structure, which is entirely carbohydrate, actinospectacin should be placed among Group 1 of the antibiotic substances. It is of interest to observe the remarkable antibacterial activity displayed by this group of antibiotic substances (streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, actinospectacin, and so on). The one feature which they all have in com-... 

Microorganisms produce a number of antibacterial substances of low molecular weight such as penicillin and streptomycin. In the past it was believed that microorganisms produce antibacterial substances to suppress their competitors. However, in the late 1960 s screening of enzyme inhibitors started, and most of enzyme inhibitors of microbial origin did not show any antibacterial activity. For example, protease inhibitors from Streptomyces, such as leupeptin and antipain, are very specific to enzyme inhibition and show no antibacterial effect. Therefore, it is more likely that these antibiotics and enzyme inhibitors have absolutely no role in the producing strains and that they are only the products of remnant genes that have lost their relevance over the course of evolution. 

Phenolic constituents of M grandiflora L., namely magnolol (6), honokiol (7), and 3, 5 -diallyl-2 -hydroxy-4-methoxy-biphenyl (46) were found to have good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium smegatis when compared to streptomycin sulfate [67]. Additionally, magnolol and honokiol were found to be... 

In vitro quantitative antibacterial activity was evaluated using Alamar Blue Assay [56]. It is a colorimetric oxidation-reduction assay which involves the addition of Alamar blue dye as an indicator. It evaluates the metabolic activity of the microorganisms. The activity of the evaluated drug is expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration ( 0,g/ml). Sampangine, SAMM2 and SAM MMl were tested for their activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Bacillus subtilus ATCC 6633, and E. coli ATCC 10536. Streptomycin was used as a positive control. 

Penicillin G (VI) is widely used in veterinary medicine principally in controlled release penicillin G complexes such as procaine penicillin G, penicillin G benzathine and benethamine penicillin G. Penicillin G, in its complex with procaine (VII) has antibacterial activity in horses, cattle, sheep, cats and dogs and is manufactured by many drug firms, either as the complex on its own or mixed with other antibiotics such as streptomycins. 

Certain aminoglycoside antibiotics, including gentamicin and streptomycin, have been observed to interact with the acidic mucopolysaccharide heparin, condroitin sulfate, and hylauronic acid with reduction of antibacterial activity. The interaction of aminoglycosides with the acidic mucopolysaccharides has been suggested to result in the accumulation of the drug in the kidney and in the inner ear and to partly account for the well-documented nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of this group of antibiotics. 

C27H49N7O17 743.721 Aminoglycoside antibiotic. Occurs together with Streptomycin in certain cultures of Streptomyces griseus. Shows antibacterial activity similar to Streptomycin. 

Synthesis of new l,10-diethoxy-l//-pyrano[3, 3]quinolines and their antimicrobial studies were reported by Dhanabal et al. [27]. All the compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial activity. Interestingly the compound 6-methoxy substituted pyranoquinoline showed better activity than the standard Streptomycin in case of Escherichia coli. 

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