Streptomyces nodosus

Streptomyces mycarofaciens Midecamycin Streptomyces nodosus Amphotericin B Streptomyces noursei Nystatin... 

Amphotericin B Streptomyces nodosus Fungi Cell membrane... 

Amphotericin B (Fungizone), a polyene antifungal drug produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces nodosus, consists of a large ring structure with both hydrophilic... 

Streptomyces nodosus produces natural products such as amphotericin A and B. These are macrocyclic (large-ring) compounds containing numerous (three to seven) double bonds and multiple hydroxyl groups which are usually located on one side of the molecule. Amphotericin B (9.103) and the very similar nystatin (9.104) are antifungal... 

Amphotericin A and are antifungal antibiotics produced by Streptomyces nodosus. Amphotericin A is not in clinical use. 

Antifungal polyene antibiotic obtained from a strain of Streptomyces nodosus... 

Amphotericin B is obtained from Streptomyces nodosus. It is fungistatic and administered intravenously as an infusion in the treatment of severe systemic fungal infections. It also is used for the local treatment of superficial candidiasis. Test-dose administration is advised to confirm adverse reactions. The amphotericin infusion should be slow to prevent the risk of irritation and infusion-related adverse effects. The drug is used in pregnancy without any adverse side effects.66... 

Amphotericin B [am foe TER i sin] is a naturally occurring polyene macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces nodosus. In spite of its toxic potential, amphotericin B is the drug of choice used in the treatment of the systemic mycoses. It is sometimes used in combination with flucytosine so that lower (less toxic) levels of amphotericin are possible. 

Streptomyces nodosus Streptomyces verticillus Cephalosporium sp. Saccharopolyspora erythraea Micromonospora purpurea Aspergillus terreus Streptomyces fradiae Pencillium chrysogenum Streptomyces ambofaciens Streptomyces aureofaciens Streptomyces orientalis... 

Perhaps the best known clinical agent is the heptaene polyene, amphotericin B 50, isolated from Streptomyces nodosus and first reported in 1956. The full structure was not elucidated until 1970 when it was determined by X-ray crystallography,56 closely followed by a description of the absolute configuration determined by utilising the iodo-derivative for X-ray and by mass spectroscopy.57 Quite recently, 50 years after its initial discovery, a full review giving the highlights of the chemistry around the compound was published by Cereghetti and Carreira.58... 

Amphotericin B is produced by a strain of bacteria, Streptomyces nodosus. Please refer to the general pharmacology section for antifungal drugs. 

Amphotericin B, USP. The isolation of amphotericin B (Fungizone) was reported in 1956 by Cold et al. The compound was purified from the fermentation beer of a soil culture of the actinomycete Streptomyces nodosus, which was isolated in Venezuela. The first isolate from the strepto-mycete was a separable mixture of two compounds, designated amphotericins A and B. In test cultures, compound B proved to be more active, and this is the one used clinically.- The structure and absolute stereochemi.siiy are as shown. 

A strain of Streptomyces nodosus (NPS007994) isolated from Scripps Canyon, La Jolla, California, was found to produce lajollamycin 272, a nitro-tetraene spiro-yS-lactone-y-lactam antibiotic. " Lajollamycin... 

The principal polyenes are amphotericin B and nystatin. Amphotericin B is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces nodosus and its activity is due to the ability to bind ergosterol, which is the dominant sterol in fungal cell membranes, and consequently increases membrane permeability by the formation of pores (Fig. 4.4). The action of ampho-... 

An mC7N unit is also present in the core of the polyketide antibiotic asukamycin from Streptomyces nodosus subsp. asukaensis [96]. This has been shown to arise not from a variant of the shikimate pathway, but from the condensation of a C4 unit from the TCA cycle, closely related to succinate, with a C3 unit, possibly dihydroxyacetone phosphate, from the triose pool. Related studies concerning 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid biosynthesis in Streptomyces murayamaensis mutants MC2 and MC3 support this hypothesis [97]. 

Amphotericin B (15) is an antifungal macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus that has been used as an alternative, albeit more toxic, drug to the antimonials- It acts as a leishmanicide against the visceral and mucocutaneous forms of the disease. To overcome its potentially severe nephrotoxicity, the drug must be administered over an extended period of time. 

Caffrey, R, Lynch, S., Flood, E., Finnan, S., and Oliynyk, M. (2001). Amphotericin biosynthesis in Streptomyces nodosus Deductions from analysis of polyketide synthase and late genes. Chem. Biol. 8, 713-723. 

---