Strains host effects

Recent work at Diversa has provided some insights into the host effects on desulfurization. It was reported that in addition to the obvious substrate transport and growth differences between various strains of same genus, the intracellular redox potential can potentially influence the rate as well as extent of desulfurization [219], Additionally,... 

Amino-5-iodo-2, 5 -dideoxyuridine [56045-73-9] (13) C2H22IN2O4, was synthesized ia 1975 (27) and was found effective against herpes keratitis ia rabbits (28). This compound is markedly less cytotoxic than IdU, iadicating that it may have a safer and more specific mode of antiviral activity. A potential limitation of this group of nucleosides is their specificity, for they fail to inhibit all strains of herpes vimses. The specific antiviral activity of (13) is considered to be a result of the incorporation of the 5 -Ai-phosphate into both viral and host DNA in infected cells, but not into the DNA of normal cells. Phosphorylation of (13) occurs only in herpes vims-infected cells, brought about by a vims-induced thymidine kinase (29). 

Water-Soluble Exotoxins. In this area, we enter into the slightly muddy waters of the lower molecular weight compounds which elicit toxic responses in susceptible host insects. Without reference to molecular identity, it is possible to sift through the various reports on the effects of bacillus-produced soluble exotoxins and recognize three possible types of material which are produced under appropriate conditions by specific strains of bacilli ... 

Devanas MA, D Rafaeli-Eshkol, G Stotsky (1986) Survival of plasmid-containg strains of Escherichia coli in soil effect of plasmid size and nutrients on survival of hosts and maintenance of plasmids. Curr Microbiol 13 269-277. 

Just like the Zeeman interaction (S B), the hyperfine interaction (.S /) is a bilinear term and its coupling to strain (T S I), which we will call A-strain (also, -strain ), should be formally similar to the g-strain (T S B) just discussed. In the early work of Tucker on the effective S = 1/2 system Co2+ in the cubic host MgO, a shift in central hyperfine splitting was found to be proportional to the strain-induced g-shift given by Equation 9.22 (Tucker 1966). 

Table 12.1 illustrates studies reporting shifts in T lymphocyte cytokine production induced by Pb. Most studies found that Pb exposure at low to moderate levels causes a significant shift in the production of Thl versus Th2 cytokines with the bias toward the latter. Production of IL-4, IL-6 and frequently IL-10 is elevated while production of IFN is decreased and production of IL-12 is below the levels needed for effective host resistance to Listeria. These results occur even at low levels of exposure and the effects are persistent. The only exceptions to Pb-induced biasing in favor of Th2 are found in the reports by Goebel and colleagues [56] and Mishra and colleagues [57], In the former case, an autoimmune prone strain of mice was employed these authors found different results upon using a normal strain of mice [58],... 

Shapiro-Ilan DI, Mizell RF, Cottrell TE, Horton L. Control of plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar, with entomopathogenic nematodes effects of application, timing, alternate host plant, and nematode strain. Bio Cont. 2008 44 207-215. 

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