Storage flow sheet

Furthermore, 60—100 L (14—24 gal) oil, having sulfur content below 0.4 wt %, could be recovered per metric ton coal from pyrolysis at 427—517°C. The recovered oil was suitable as low sulfur fuel. Figure 15 is a flow sheet of the Rocky Flats pilot plant. Coal is fed from hoppers to a dilute-phase, fluid-bed preheater and transported to a pyrolysis dmm, where it is contacted by hot ceramic balls. Pyrolysis dmm effluent is passed over a trommel screen that permits char product to fall through. Product char is thereafter cooled and sent to storage. The ceramic balls are recycled and pyrolysis vapors are condensed and fractionated. 

Fig. 2. Flow sheet of lecithin producing unit. Crude soybean oil is heated in the preheater, 1, to 80°C, mixed with 2% water in the proportion control unit, 2, and intensively agitated in 3. The mixture goes to a dweUing container, 4, and is then centrifuged after a residence time of 2—5 min. The degummed oil flows without further drying to the storage tanks. The lecithin sludge is dried in the thin-film evaporator, 6, at 100°C and 6 kPa (60 mbar) for 1—2 min and is discharged after cooling to 50—60°C in the cooler, 8. 9 and 10 are the condenser and vacuum pump, respectively.

In addition to encompassing all of the unit operations in the plant, the plant flow sheets may also include materials handling operations associated with the transport and storage of materials in and around the mill. Typically, flow sheets provide quantitative information regarding water and slurry flows, toimages, and assays. 

Hydroxjiamine is used as a substitute for the ferrous sulfamate (26). These systems are called salt-free flow sheets. The main purpose is to ease the problems associated with the processing and storage of the Hquid waste streams (27). Another approach is to use an electropulse column to electrolyticaHy produce to reduce Pu to Pu on a continuous basis (28,29). The half reactions for the flow sheets are... 

Fig. 59. Flow-sheet of washing nitroglycerine at Gyttorp —separator of acid wash-water, B—separator of alkaline wash-water, C—separator of warm wash-water, D—storage tanks, with. wash-equipment, E— storage tanks with refrigerating coils, F— nitroglycerine waggon on a balance, /, 4, 7—air separators, 2, 5—injectors, 3, 6, 9—wash-columns.

Figure 5.3-17. Flow-sheet of a batch process unit symbols E = heat exchanger, P = pump, R = reactor, T = storage tank, V = vessel controllers FC = flow controller, LC = level controller 0 stream number.

A number of things are not shown on these process flow sheets. One is the storage facilities for the feed, product, and by-products. The second is the waste treatment facilities. All water leaving the process must be sent through treatment facilities before it can be discharged into lakes or rivers, and some means must be devised to get rid of the solid wastes from the filters and the centrifuge (see Chapter 16). 

Begin with a detailed flow sheet. Break the flow sheet into a number of process units. Thus the reactor area might be one unit, and the storage tank another. Select a unit for study. 

The flow-sheet for the remote control of the nitroglycerine storage, transport and weighing installation is given in Fig. 49. 

After addition of the cost of storage tanks that does not appear in the flow sheet and of the initial feedstock of raw materials (sulphuric acid and iodine), the overall investment cost for a first-of-a-kind plant amounts to about EUR 2.5 G. 

A general flow sheet for direct solvent extraction of many row crop oilseeds is shown in Fig. 34.8. Initial quality of the seed, and its preparation for extraction, have the most effect on yield of extracted oil, subsequent required refinery operations, and yields of (saleable) neutral oil. Freshly harvested seed should be cleaned of trash, which may become ignited during drying, or harbor moisture that accelerates seed heating in storage. Oils of most good quality, dry, row crop... 

Figure 368. Diagram depicting schematically the flow sheet of a typical (film) coating facility. (a) PLC (programmable controller), (b) storage tanks for spray liquid(s) and metering/pumping system, (c) equipment for air supply and processing, (d) air cleaning and exhaust system...

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