Stomatal complex

Constitutive features of stomatal complexes which give a low stomatal conductance (e.g. sunken stomata, few stomata per unit leaf area). 

FIG. 22 (A) A single, illuminated stomatal complex in a white leaf region of T. 

Saftner, R.A., Raschke, K., 1981. Electrical potentials in stomatal complexes. Plant Physiol. 67, 1124-1132. 

FIGURE 12.9 Scanning electron microscopy image of a stomatal complex of Tradescantia fluminensis. Bar=20 pm. (Reproduced from Tsionsky, M. et al., Plant Physiol., 113, 895,1997. With permission.)... 

Leaves from Brassica juncea were also studied by Zhu et al. Using SECM images of the oxygen production above stomatal complexes, the authors demonstrated the effect of cadmium-induced chemical stress on stomatal density and size. The presence of cadmium in electrolyte solution resulted in a lower stomatal density and larger stomatal size as compared to control leaves. Also, the oxygen production from cadmium-stressed plants was lower. This decrease in oxygen production was related to a lower photosynthetic yield, as opposed to closed stomatal complexes. 

Fig. 9. Photographs of stomatal complexes on the leaf epidermis of barley, showing normal and proximal-distal orientations of guard cells. (A) Normal orientation. (B, C) Proximal-distal orientations obtained after treatment with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, (B) with one subsidiary and (C) with no subsidiary cell. (D) Complex from the series treated with actinomycin D, showing the unusual condition produced by two successive proximal-distal divisions of the GCMC, flanked by two subsidiaries.

Fig. 10. Stomatal complex of a normal leaf at the time of subsidiary cell formation, showing the convex shape of the proximal and distal walls.

Dactinomycin -antitumor antibiotic inhibits transcription by complexing with DNA -bone marrow suppression -nausea and vomiting -erythema -hyperpigmentation -mucocutaneous effects (mucositis, stomatitis, diarrhea) -vesicant if extravasated -immunosuppression... 

Vitamin B complex preparations are indicated in vitamin deficiency states. Specific vitamin B preparations can be used as per indications mentioned above in the pharmacological write up as an adjuvant to antibiotic therapy combination with lactobacillus are indicated in aphthous stomatitis, thrush. 

Large viruses of 80 -100 nm diameter bearing 8-10 spikes at the vertices of the icosahedra cause influen-za 509,510 mumps, measles, and related diseases. The internal structure must be complex. Only 1% of the virus is RNA, and that consists of several relatively small pieces. These are negative strand viruses whose RNA is of the opposite polarity to the mRNA. The latter must be formed by transcription from the negative strand. The viruses carry their own RNA polymerase for this purpose. Of even more complex structure are the bullet-shaped rhabdoviruses which cause rabies and vesicular stomatitis.511 The diameter of these viruses is 65-90 nm and the length 120-500... 

Talib, S., and J.E. Hearst. 1983. Initiation of RNA synthesis in vitro by vesicular stomatitis virus Single internal initiation in the presence of aurintricarboxylic acid and vanadyl ribonucleoside complexes. Nucleic Acids Res 11 7031. 

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