Stoichiometric reaction solid

When more than one reaction affects the mass of the ion i in solution (e.g., dissolution and/or precipitation of heterogeneous solid assemblages homogeneous reactions in solution), the overall change in mass of component i is given by the summation of individual absolute reaction velocities Vj, multiplied by their respective stoichiometric reaction coefficients ... 

Quantitative stoichiometric gas-solid or solid-solid (these at 0 °C) acylations of amines with acid chlorides are varied (Scheme 32). However, for a clean reaction the liberated hydrochloric acid has to be neutralized by an additional gaseous or solid base that may also be a second mole of the amine. The reactions are performed in an evacuated flask or in a ball-mill, respectively. There are only minimal losses of the amides or sulfonamides upon removal of the stoichiometric coproduct with water [91]. The solid-solid reactions can be turned into sustainable 100% yield processes with optimal atom efficiency by milling stoichiometric 1 1 1 mixtures of acid chloride, aniline derivative, and K2CO3... 

Solid-state reactions 100% yield, stoichiometric reaction, highly crystalline products Most thermodynamically stable phases are obtained, low surface area, particle size is difficult to control... 

The reaction rates of the thermal reduction and the reoxidation by CO2 are increased by high oxygen anion conductivity and high surface areas. Oxygen anion conductivity is a function of temperature, crystal structure, and defects. Because cycling results in stoichiometric gas-solid reactions, the gas-solid interface can be a crucial parameter depending on the reaction conditions. Whether gas-solid, intraparticle mass transfer, or surface chemical processes are rate-limiting is primarily determined by the reaction temperature and gas flow rates. 

In the transport bed process the oxidation of -butane by (V0)2P20y and the reoxidation of the latter by air are carried out separately in two distinct reactors. Both processes are stoichiometric reactions and the vanadyl pyrophosphate functions as an oxygen carrier. Nonetheless the advantage of a higher selectivity, due to the separation of the product from the oxidant atmosphere, is balanced by the difficulties involved in moving huge volumes of solid between two different reactors. 

While the frans-TMCHD isomer complexes preferentially with LiBr in a competitive experiment such as the one just described, a 1 1 complex of LiBr with cis-TMCHD (Compound 12 in Table I) can be prepared by a stoichiometric reaction between the free ligand and LiBr. Comparison of the solid state dissociation temperature of ds-TMCHD LiBr with that of trans-TMCHD LiBr suggests that the latter is thermodynamically more stable. Whether the kinetics of complexation favor the formation of frans-TMCHD LiBr from a mixture containing both cis- and trans-TMCHD and insufficient lithium bromide is not certain. 

In Table 1 see Tables and Figures in the Annex) we see the results of the oxidation of Clark I and Clark II with air. In order to get also information about a partial oxidation of the warfare agents, in addition to the stoichiometric reaction with air (oxygen balance = 0), also a calculation for a negative oxygen balance at -30 g O2 / lOOg was carried out. By comparing the results we see a decrease of CO2 and arsenic oxide and an increase of H2, CH4, of elemental arsenic and of solid carbon. 

The stoichiometric reaction equations are quite simple but there is a confusing variation of hypotheses about the sequential reaction mechanism, which is caused to a great extent by the heterogeneous nature (solid and gaseous phases) of the reaction. But, for the purposes of this text, the chemistry will remain simple as shown in the earlier equations. Other types of combustion systems may be rate controlled due to the onset of the Boudouard reaction ... 

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