Steps in Product and Process Design

When a new chemical product is envisioned, the design project can be especially challenging, as much uncertainty often exists in the chemical(s) or mixture of chemicals best suited for the product, as well as the product configuration, the modes of manufacture, and the market demand. For the manufacture of a commodity chemical, the design project is usually less comprehensive, as the focus is usually on the design of the manufacturing facility or chemical process. 

In the paragraphs that follow, emphasis is placed on the first step of Part One, followed by a brief introduction to the other steps in Part One. 

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Steps in Product and Process Design 17 Table 1.1 Process Operations for Three Types of Chemical Products... 

Returning to the steps in product and process design introduced in Section 1.2 and shown in Figure 1.2 in this section, the typical sequences design teams follow to design configured in-... 

The textbook is organized around the key steps in product and process design shown in Figure 1.2. These steps reflect current practice and provide a sound sequence of instruction, yet with much flexibility in permitting the student and instructor to place emphasis on preferred subjects. 

Figure 10.4-1. Steps in industrial product and process design...

The most important step in starting a process design is translating the customer need into a design basis. The design basis is a more precise statement of the problem that is to be solved. It will normally include the production rate and purity specifications of the main product, together with information on constraints that will influence the design, such as... 

The decentralised procedure can be used in cases where the product has never been authorised in any of the Member States, and the applicant wishes to obtain a license in a number of states simultaneously. The applicant must submit applications with the complete dossier to the Competent Authorities of each of the Member States where authorisation is desired. A single Member State should be chosen as the reference state to undertake the scientific assessment ofthe complete dossier, while the other states are designated as concerned states. The review process has many parallels vhth the centralised procedure, in that similar time lines exist, the reference State plays the role ofthe rapporteur, and the concerned States replace the CHMP. Once all States have validated that the dossiers are complete, the reference State is allowed 70 days to review the dossier and prepare a preliminary assessment report, which is circulated to the concerned Member States and the applicant. Comments from the concerned Member States and applicant responses are collected so that by day 120 the reference State may issue a draft assessment report together vhth draft SPC, label and leaflet texts. The clock may be stopped until requested responses from the applicant are received. The application then enters the second step in the assessment process, during which all the concerned Member States consider the... 

The reactor is the heart of a chemical process. It is the only place in the process where raw materials are converted into products, and reactor design is a vital step in the overall design of the process. 

These extrapolation methods allow to determine what will be the best operating conditions, and the optimal system configuration of the production plant from a technical and economical point view. If the extrapolation and optimization methods describe above concerns only the "extraction step" of the process, it is also very important to optimize the other parts of the process the optimization of the extract recovering and fractionation, the energetic process optimization, or the improvement of the extractor emptying and loading procedure are also some very important points that must be considered in the industrial process design. 

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