Steer-by-wire

The vision of braking and steering by wire will demand new, extremely reliable sensors. Even in early implementations of steer-by-wire systems, in which manual control can override any system failure, more than one sensor is normally used for the sake of redundancy. Many of the sensor principles required are already established in the market, including steering-angle sensors (e.g., for vehicle dynamics control) and pedal-position sensors. Mechanical action or feedback control, however, will drive the emergence of torque and force sensors. 

AFS (active front rear steering). SbW (steer-by-wire). 

A major driver for advanced batteries is from the ever-increasing electrical demands of the automobile. Some of the new high-power accessories under consideration include integrated starter-generators, emissions devices, steer-by-wire, brake-by-wire, electrified climate control, a.c. power taps, fast-clearing windshields, and convenience appliances such as refrigerators, microwave ovens, and vacuum cleaners. These are pulse loads from between 1 and 10 kW (and possibly higher) and will rely on the battery to provide occasional support. 

Herbeth, N. and Blnmenthal, D. (2007). Emde de Tacceptabilite dn conducteur de lois de direction innovantes (Steer-By-Wire). In 14th conference on Vehicles Dynamics - SIA, 20-21 June 2007, Lyon, France. 

Theis, I. (2002). Das Steer-by-Wire System im Kraftfahrzeug - Analyse der menschhchen Zuverlassigkeit. Dissertation, Technische Universitat Miinchen. 

Many people have the motor control necessary to operate a motor vehicle, but they do not have the strength required to operate manual hand-controls. Automatic or Fly-By-Wire hand-controls use external actuators (e.g., air motors, servo mechanisms, hydraulic motors) to reduce the force required to operate various vehicle primary controls. Power steering, power brakes, six-way power seats, and power adjustable steering columns can be purchased as factory options on many vehicles. 

In GM s Hy-wire hydrogen powered concept vehicle, there is a fuel cell for the power source and electronics replace mechanical parts in the steering and braking systems. The driver looks through a large, sloped windshield that covers space usually taken up by an engine. There is no dashboard, instrument panel, steering wheel or pedals, only a set of adjustable footrests. 

The pilot or second crew member of a Walleye-equipped aircraft has a monitor on which he can see the view from a television camera mounted in the weapon s nose. He. steers the camera, by means of a joystick, so that cross-wires are placed over the target and the bomb is then released to home automatically on to that point. 

Figure 2. Cutaway view of a coaxial catheter surrounded by an ice ball. Steering wire and thermocouple are inside the catheter. Courtesy of CryoCath.

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