Steels metallurgical effects

D02 G.E. Duvall, D.E. Davenport, and J.J. Kelly, Metallurgical Effects of Explosion-Induced Shock Waves, in Research Seminar on High Nickel Alloys for High Temperatures, Iron-Nickel Alloys, Stainless Steels (The International Nickel Co., New York, 1960). 

M. C. Mataya, E. L. Brown, and M. P. Riendeau, Effect of Hot Working on Structure and Strength of Type 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel, Metallurgical Transactions A, Volume 21A (1990) pp. 1969-1987. 

Carbon steels. The corrosion behavior of carbon steel weldments produced by fusion welding can be due to metallurgical effects, such as preferential corrosion of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) or weld metal, or it can be associated with geometric aspects, such as stress concentration at the weld toe, or creation of crevices due to joint design. 

Hirth, J.P., Effects of hydrogen on the properties of iron and steel, Metallurgical Transactions, llA, 861-890, 1980. 

Sandoz, G., A unified theory for some effects of hydrogen source, alloying elements, and potential on crack growth in martensitic AlSl 4340 steel. Metallurgical Transactions, 3, 1169-1176, 1972. 

Cialone, H.J. and Holbrook, J.H., Effects of gaseous hydrogen on fatigue crack growth in pipeline steel. Metallurgical Transactions, 16A, 115-122, 1985. 

J] Dull, D. L. and Raymond, L., Stress History Effect on Incubation Time for Stress Corrosion Crack Growth in AISI4340 Steel," Metallurgical Transactions, Vol. 3, November 1972, pp. 2943-2947. 

Leblond, J.B. Devaux, J. (1984). A new kinetic model for anisothermal metallurgical transformations in steels including effect of austenite grain size. Acta Metall., Vol. 32, No. 1,137-146. 

Nickel and Nickel Alloys A wide range of ferrous and nonfer-rous nickel and nickel-bearing alloys are available. They are usually selected because of their improved resistance to chemical attack or their superior resistance to the effects of high temperature. In general terms their cost and corrosion resistance are somewhat a func tion of their nickel content. The 300 Series stainless steels are the most generally used. Some other frequently used alloys are hsted in Table 10-35 together with their nominal compositions. For metallurgical and corrosion resistance data, see Sec. 28. 

Materials of construction depend on the metallurgical requirements and pressure of the gas being compressed hut usually the more popular materials include cast iron, cast steel, alloy steel, or forged steel (high pressure). Figure 12-42 illustrates the extent of damage internally when materials of construction are not resistant to possible effects of internal corrosion. 

The above data relate to very pure iron samples with low dislocation densities. In real steels the trapping effects result in much lower apparent diffusivities, which are dependent on the metallurgical state of the steel, as well as its chemical composition. Typical values for the apparent diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in high-strength alloy steel at room temperature are in the region of 10" mVs. 

Pao, P. S., Wei, W. and Wei, R. P., Effect of frequency on fatigue crack growth response of AISl 4340 steel in water vapour , Proc. of Environment Sensitive Fracture of Engineering Materials, 24-26 Oct. 1977, Chicago, USA, The Metallurgical Society of the AIME, pp. 565-580 (1977)... 

Tinplate and Solder. Metallurgical studies were performed to determine the effect of irradiation at low temperature on the corrosion resistance of tinplate and on the mechanical properties and microstructure of tinplate and side-seam solder of the tinplate container. The area of major interest was the effect of low-temperature irradiation on the possible conversion of the tin from the beta form to the alpha form. In the case of pure tin, the transition occurs at 18 °C. It was feared that low-temperature irradiation would create dislocations in the crystal lattice of tin and enhance the conversion of tin from the silvery form to a powdery form rendering the tin coating ineffective in protecting the base steel. Tin used for industrial consumption contains trace amounts of soluble impurities of lead and antimony to retard this conversion for several years. 

T. Ishiguro, K. Kimura, T. Hatakeyama, T. Tahara and K. Kawano, Effect of Metallurgical Factors on Hydrogen Attack Resistance in C-jMo Steel , presented at the Second International Conference on Interaction of Steels with Hydrogen in Petroleum Industry Pressure Vessel and Pipeline Service, The Materials Properties Council, Inc., Vienna, Austria, October 19-21, 1994. 

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