Steel works effluent

A notable example of controlled water reuse was utilization of secondary sewage effluent from the Back River Wastewater Treatment Plant in Baltimore by the Sparrows Point Works of Bethlehem Steel (6). The Sparrows Point plant was suppHed primarily by weUs located near the brackish waters of Baltimore harbor. Increased draft on the weUs had led to saltwater intmsion. Water with chloride concentration as high as 10 mg/L is unsuitable for many steelmaking operations. Rollers, for example, are pitted by such waters. However, treated effluent from the Back River Plant can be used for some operations, such as coke quenching, and >4 x 10 m /d (10 gal/d) are piped 13 km to Sparrows Point. This arrangement has proved economical to both parties for >40 yr. 

Tests 2 and 3 were run in the same reactor as Test 1. In order to confirm the initial activity, the catalyst was started up without added sulfur. The catalyst picked up sulfur in both these tests and was deactivated even though no sulfur was added to the feed this indicates that sulfur remained in the reactor after Test 1. This is a common problem encountered when working with sulfur in laboratory test reactors. The sulfur reacts with the steel walls of the reactor. Then, even though sulfur is removed from the feed, sulfur evolves from the walls of the reactor and it is either picked up by the catalyst or it appears in the effluent from the reactor. With continuous addition of sulfur, the CO leakage continues to increase. 

Morristown, NJ) for the ion source. No carrier gas separator was used. For determination of nitrosamines and TBDMS derivatives of hydroxy-nitrosamines, columns and operating conditions were identical to those for GC-TEA analyses For most work, the He flow rate was 15 cc/min and the column effluent was split 1 1 between a flame ionization detector and the mass spectrometer. The stainless steel splitter, solvent vent valve (Carle Instruments, Fullerton, CA), and associated plumbing were... 

The GC work is performed on a modified Perkin Elmer 900 gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). Figure 1 shows the modified effluent splitter of the 900. The GC effluent is split 15% to the FID detector, 85% to the trap. Stainless steel tubes (1/8" X 7") are used to trap individual peaks as recorded by the FID detector. The traps are washed with cyclohexane and a UV spectrum measured for each trap of interest. 

Detector E, Bioanalytical systems Model LC-4B, dual glassy-carbon working electrode used in parallel mode, +0.65 V and +0.80 V (monitored), stainless steel auxiliary electrode, Ag/AgCl reference electrode following post-column reaction. The column effluent flowed at 0-5° through a 2 mL knitted coil of 0.5 mm i.d. PTFE tubing irradiated with a low pressure mercury lamp (Photronix Model 816) to the detector. 

A.2. The work described by McFadden and co-workers is an extension of the wire transport detector (section Z.A.l). Because the wire will transport only about It of the total effluent into the vacuum locks, sample utilization is low. Therefore, the wire was replaced with a stainless-steel ribbon (3.2 mm wide, 0.05 mm thick) such that effluent was carried into the vacuum lock at a rate of 1 ml/min, thus achieving efficient sample transport to the ion source region (Fig. 2). Depending on the nature of the sample, the efficiency of sample vaporization and other operational processes, sample utilization in the range 30-50% was achieved. The detection limit for the system was less than 1 ng for carbaryl,... 

Component Separation and Identification. Hewlett Packard 5830A and 5840A gas chromatographs fitted with glass, fused silica, or stainless steel capillary columns of various Inside diameters were used for separation of the volatiles fractions. Effluent splitters were used on occasion to permit gc effluent sniffing. Methyl silicone oil was the stationary phase of choice for most of the work, although Tween 20 and Carbowax 20M were used occasionally. 

Medium and high activity waste is stored at the Cadarache Center. High activity waste consists mainly of parts from the nickel and steel reflector assemblies or from control-rod mechanisms and irradiation devices. These account for the major part of the total radioactivity (4800 TBq) which has been removed from the reactor. The liquid effluent produced by washing and decontaminating operations was transferred to the Liquid Waste Treatment Facility at Cadarache where it has been neutralized, concentrated by evaporation and encapsulated in bitumen or cement. Furthermore, on completion of the partial dismantling work, about 300 tons of material (steel and lead in particular) will been returned to service. Much of this will be turned into biological radiation shielding. 

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