Steel wire cages

When exhausting desiccators, a filter flask trap (see Fig. 77, 19, 2) should always be inserted between the desiccator and the pump. The vacuum should be applied gradually and should not exceed about 50 cm. of mercury for models (a), (6) and (d). These desiccators may withstand lower pressures, but it is generally considered unsafe to exhaust below this pressure unless the precaution be taken of surrounding the desiccator by a cage of fine-mesh steel wire collapse of the desiccator will then do no harm.J Models (c) and (e) may be exhausted to about 20 mm. of mercury a steel wire cage must be provided for this low pressure. 

Animals. Male SFF Sprague-Dawley rats (Anticimex, Stockholm, Sweden), weighing approximately 135 g at the start of the experiment, were used. They were kept individually in steel-wire cages with free access to water and were adapted to a 12 h light and dark shift. The room was air-conditioned, maintained at 23 and 5o-60% relative humidity. The different diets were fed ad lib, in metal containers designed to give minimal losses. 

The recovery of acetic acid from its dilute aqueous solutions is a major problem in both petrochemical and fine chemical industries. Saha, et al. (2000) developed conventional methods of recovery of 30% acetic acid by reaction with n-butanol and isoamyl alcohol in a reactive distillation column using macroporous ion-exchange resin, Indion 30, as a catalyst bed, confined in stainless steel wire cages. They found that recovery of acetic acid was enhanced by reactive distillation compared to the batch operation. Hanika et al. (1999) studied the esterification butyl alcohol with acetic acid in a pilot plant using a reactive distillation column packed with commercial catalysts (KATPAK and CY). It was found that butyl acetate could be recovered in very high purity. This study had resulted in the development of a new technology for the manufacture of butylacetate. 

The biocompatibiKty study, as the first in vivo step of biomaterial evaluation, is typically performed by subcutaneous or intramuscular implantation in rats or rabbits. The rat is more economical and offers about a 15 month observation period, while the rabbit is used for longer-term evaluations of up to 6 months. Discs of 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness are commonly inserted in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue or back muscles (up to six implants per rat and eight to ten per rabbit) [28]. Alternatively, porous discs, biomaterials with seeded or encapsulated cells, and biomaterials contained in a stainless steel wire mesh cage have been studied [29,30]. 

Housing of rats in stainless steel cages with wire mesh floors may result in decubitous ulcers on the plantar surfaces. This condition may be a significant clinical problem associated with high morbidity, and may affect survival of the animals if euthanasia is performed for humane reasons. Ulcers are particularly frequent and severe in older male Sprague-Dawley rats, perhaps because of their large size and weight compared with females and rats of other strains. 

In preparation for the screen, a sufficient number of scoring sheets are filled in with the appropriate information. Then the cart employed as a mobile testing station is checked to ensure that all the necessary equipment (empty wire-bottom cage, blunt probe, penlight, 1/2 in. diameter steel rod, force transducer, ink pad, pad of blotting paper, ruler, and electronic probe thermometer) are on the cart and in forking order. Each animal is then evaluated by the following procedures. 

All sand packs were prepared in lucite columns approximately 6 or 12 in length and 1-1/2 in diameter. The two ends of a colunn were equipped with solid lucite plugs. Each colunnn was also equipped with a stainless steel cage to hold the assembly in place. In sand pack preparation, wire gauze and a layer of reagent grade sand were packed at each end of the column to hold the reservoir sand sample in place. The sand pack pore volumes for the 6 colunnn were approximately 50 mis, and for the 12 colunn were approximately 110 mis. The pore volume was determined gravimetrically by evacuation of the sand pack under vacuum and saturation with 1% NaCl. 

Another control is the use of barriers. Placement of wires in conduits will reduce the potential for damage to the wires. Light bulbs in trouble lights have a protective metal cage. Raised concrete islands and concrete-filled steel columns protect gas pumps in service stations. Heat shields in automobile engine compartments protect some components from thermal damage. 

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