Typical composition steel

Production and Shipment. Estimated adiponitrile production capacities in the U.S. in 1992 were about 625 thousand metric tons and worldwide capacity was in excess of lO metric tons. The DOT/IMO classification for adiponitrile is class 6.1 hazard, UN No. 2205. It requires a POISON label on all containers and is in packing group III. Approved materials of constmction for shipping, storage, and associated transportation equipment are carbon steel and type 316 stainless steel. Either centrifugal or positive displacement pumps may be used. Carbon dioxide or chemical-foam fire extinguishers should be used. There are no specifications for commercial adiponitrile. The typical composition is 99.5 wt % adiponitrile. Impurities that may be present depend on the method of manufacture, and thus, vary depending on the source. 

The AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) and the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) specifications are essentially the same. The Hst is simplified to show typical compositions. Eor ranges, see original tables. 

Straight WC—Co tools are not suitable for machining steels that produce long chips because straight grades undergo crater wear from diffusion of WC into the steel chip surface. However, soHd solutions of WC—TiC, WC—TiC—TaC, etc, resist this type of chemical attack. In addition, tantalum carbide can improve thermal-shock resistance. Steel cutting compositions thus typically contain WC—TiC—(Ta,Nb)C—Co. Tantalum carbide is often added as (Ta,Nb)C because the chemical similarity between TaC and NbC makes their separation expensive. 

Table 4.11 Typical compositions of some duplex stainless steels ...

Coke-oven gas Avaliable especially in steel-works. Typical composition 55% H2, 25% CH4, 8% CO, 6% N2. If liquid nitrogen available, use to wash 19.6 MJ/m3 ... 

Stainless Steel. A comparison of corrosion rates in hot concentrated NaOH solutions as a function of the nickel content in the alloys shows that nickel is extremely resistant to NaOH. Stainless steels are acceptable for caustic service, if the pickup of iron in caustic is acceptable. Typical corrosion rates of nickel and nickel alloys [36] are presented in Fig. 14.33. Table 14.10 depicts the typical composition of various stainless steels cited in Figs. 14.33 to 14.35. 

Alloy Cast Irons. Alloying elements beyond the levels mentioned above are added to cast irons almost exclusively to enhance resistance to abrasive wear or chemical corrosion, or to extend their stability for application at elevated temperature. The function of the alloying elements is essentially the same as in steels. Table 3.1-81 lists the groups of grades with typical compositions and the microstmctural constituents present in the as-cast state. 

Figure 18.1 illustrates the variation of hoop stress developed in steel and composite in a typical CRLP pipe. 

Typical variation of hoop stress as a function of internal pressure in steel and composite pipes. 

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