Steam moist

BOROHIDRURO SODICO (Spanish) (16940-66-2) Combustible solid. Dust or powder forms explosive mixture with air autoignition above 550°F/288°C. Reacts with water, steam, moist air, alcohols, glycols, phenols, cresols, palladium dust, producing flammable hydrogen gas. Violent reaction with acids, forming diborane gas, with the possibility of explosion. Violent reaction with oxidizers, dimethyl formamide, aldehydes, ketones, metal powders, metal salts, sodium hydroxide. Polymerization may be caused by contact with bases, acrylonitrile, sodium borohydride. Forms explosive material that is ultra-sensitive to friction or shock, and moisture-sensitive with salts of ruthenium. Attacks metals. Corrodes glass slowly. 

Lohberg, K. (1945-1946). Series of articles Investigation of corrosion by steam/moist air/water on zinc/aluminum alloys containing lead, in Metall forschung. 

Silica and Alumina. The manufacture of Pordand cement is predicated on the reaction of lime with siUca and alumina to form tricalcium sihcate [12168-85-3] and aluminate. However, under certain ambient conditions of compaction with sustained optimum moisture content, lime reacts very slowly to form complex mono- and dicalcium siUcates, ie, cementitious compounds (9,10). If such a moist, compact mixture of lime and siUca is subjected to steam and pressure in an autoclave, the lime—silica reaction is greatiy accelerated, and when sand and aggregate is added, materials of concrete-like hardness are produced. Limestone does not react with siUca and alumina under any circumstances, unless it is first calcined to lime, as in the case of hydrauhc lime or cement manufacture. 

Hospital sterilizer loads vary in composition, thus the challenge presented to the test organism can vary considerably, depending on the type and contents of packages in which they are placed. The benefits of a standardized test-pack constmction and test protocol are obvious, and such recommendation is made by AAMI for steam and ethylene oxide sterilizers (11). More recentiy in European (CEN) and International (ISO) standards, biological indicators are considered as additional information supplemental to the measurement of physical parameters. Indeed, for sterilization using moist heat (steam), the biological indicator information is not considered to be relevant. 

Steam (qv) sterilization specifically means sterilization by moist heat. The process cannot be considered adequate without assurance that complete penetration of saturated steam takes place to all parts and surfaces of the load to be sterilized (Fig. 1). Steam sterilization at 100°C and atmospheric pressure is not considered effective. The process is invariably carried out under higher pressure in autoclaves using saturated steam. The temperature can be as low as 115°C, but is usually 121°C or higher. 

The most widely used sterilization method ia the food industry is moist heat. The heat is usually suppHed by high pressure steam, but because most foods already contain moisture the role of steam is to heat the food to the required temperature. The cooking and sterilization processes can frequendy be combined into one. The food may be sealed into impervious containers of glass, metal, or plastic film and undergo terminal sterilization, or it may be presterilized in batches or in a continuous operation and then filled into a presterilized container. The latter process is called sterile filling. 

Various processes have been disclosed wherein moist soHd sodium pyrosulfite [7681-57-4] is stirred in a steam-heated vessel with sodium carbonate. The exothermic reaction at 80—110°C results in the drying of the product. A lower grade of sodium sulfite is produced commercially in the United States as a by-product of the sulfonation—caustic cleavage route to resorcinol (333). 

In moist air, thallium slowly oxidizes to thaUium(I) oxide [1314-12-1]. Steam and air or oxygen react readily with thallium forming thaUium(I) hydroxide [12026-06-1]. Thallium dissolves only slowly in sulfuric or hydrochloric acid and the resultant salts have low solubiUties. It is not soluble in alkaline solutions. 

OC-Hemihydrate. Three processing methods are used for the production of a-hemihydrate. One, developed in the 1930s, involves charging lump gypsum rock 1.3—5 cm in size into a vertical retort, sealing it, and applying steam at a pressure of 117 kPa (17 psi) and a temperature of about 123°C (6). After calcination under these conditions for 5—7 h the hot moist rock is quickly dried and pulverized. 

Humidification of the gas stream is the preferred method of keeping the filter bed moist. Gas moisture is usually added to the incoming gas stream downstream of the particulate removal APC equipment by either water sprays or steam. Adding moisture directly to the top of the bed in order to maintain filter media moisture is not recommended since this can result in (I) locahzed drying of the substrate, and (2) cold water addition will reduce the ac tivity of the microorganisms until the water becomes warmed to the steady-state filter ed temperature. 

In a 3-I. three-necked, round-bottomed flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser, and separatory funnel is placed 400 cc. of absolute alcohol (Note i). Through the condenser tube is added slowly, 23 g. (i gram atom) of dean sodium cut into thin slices. The completion of the reaction is hastened by heating the flask on a steam bath. When the sodium has dissolved completely, 143 g. (i.i moles) of ethyl acetoacetate is introduced slowly. Alter starting the mechanical stirrer, 123 g. (i mole) of ethyl chloroacetate (Note 2) is added slowly over a period of an hour, and the reaction mixture is refluxed for five to six hours. At this point the reaction mixture should no longer give an alkaline reaction with moist litmus. 

Cupric chloride [7447-39-4] M 134.4, m 498 , 630 (dec). Crystd from hot dilute aq HCl (0.6mL/g) by cooling in a CaCl2-ice bath. Dehydrated by heating on a steam-bath under vacuum. It is deliquescent in moist air but efflorescent in dry air. 

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