Steam binary

In all three cases (flash steam, binary cycle, and GHP installations), after the heat content of the geothermal water is utilized, the spent fluid is reinjected into the underground water reservoir. 

There are two general geothermal resourees, dry (steam) fields and wet (brine) fields. More than 800 MWe is being produeed from sueh dry geothermal steam fields in Northern California. The wet fields usually eannot be used in this manner and Rankine eyele-type systems, ealled binary plants, are being eonsidered at sueh loeations. At the wet fields found in the Imperial Valley of Southern California, the geothermal fluid is a 250°C brine, whieh does not lend itself for use in eonventional steam turbines. 

The flashed steam method is less efficient and its requirements for steam properties—cleanliness, high temperature, and high pressure— are usually unavailable in most geothermal fields. The situation is different with the binary cycle system, which is quite efficient and widely used. This wet system involves the transfer of heat from the hot well stream into a more manageable boiling fluid to generate power through a turboexpander. 

Steam Distillation—Continuous Flash, Multicomponent or Binary... 

Open live Steam Distillation—With Fractionation Trays, Binary... 

When one of the components of the binary is water, and steam is used, the following equation is used for the operating stripping line (there is no rectifying section) ... 

Batch with Constant Reflux Ratio, 48 Batch with Variable Reflux Rate Rectification, 50 Example 8-14 Batch Distillation, Constant Reflux Following the Procedure of Block, 51 Example 8-15 Vapor Boil-up Rate for Fixed Trays, 53 Example 8-16 Binary Batch Differential Distillation, 54 Example 8-17 Multicomponent Batch Distillation, 55 Steam Distillation, 57 Example 8-18 Multicomponent Steam Flash, 59 Example 8-18 Continuous Steam Flash Separation Process — Separation of Non-Volatile Component from Organics, 61 Example 8-20 Open Steam Stripping of Heavy Absorber Rich Oil of Light Hydrocarbon Content, 62 Distillation with Heat Balance,... 

The case study was solved using the uneven discretization of time formulation presented in this chapter. The mathematical model for the scenario without heat integration (standalone mode) involved 88 binary variables and gave an objective value of 1060 rcu. This value corresponds to the production of 14 t of product and external utility consumption of 12 energy units of steam and 20 energy units... 

Steam distillation is for the separation of mixtures of tars and oils, and they must not dissolve much in water. If you think about it a bit, this could be considered a fractional distillation of a binary mixture with an extreme deviation from Raoult s Law. The water and the organic oils want nothing to do with each other. So much so, that you can consider them unmixed, in separate compartments of the distilling flask. As such, they act completely indepen-... 

Although comparisons for the steam-methane system have been presented, similar trends were noted for the other binary systems previously published by Wormald, namely mixtures of steam with nitrogen, carbon dioxide, n-hexane, and benzene. 

Excess Enthalpies of Some Binary Steam Mixtures... 

As with pure steam the properties of binary steam mixtures can be obtained from flow calorimetric measurements of the enthalpy of the mixture. With steam + n-alkane binaries, for which the enthalpies of both components are known, it is more sensible to measure the excess enthalpy directly rather than measure the large total enthalpy of the mixture to determine a small excess quantity. Extrapolation of the excess enthalpy Hp at pressure p to zero pressure yields = XjX2p(2< >j2 jj (f )... 

Example 1.5. For a binary distillation column (see Fig. 1.6), load disturbance variables might include feed flow rate and feed composition. Reflux, steam, cooling water, distillate, and bottoms flow rates might be the manipulated variables. Controlled variables might be distillate product composition, bottoms product composition, column pressure, base liquid level, and reflux drum liquid level. The uncontrolled variables would include the compositions and temperatures on aU the trays. Note that one physical stream may be considered to contain many variables ... 

CyclePad is not able to perform the steam-injection gas turbine cycle, because there is no binary working fluid in the substance menu of the software. 

---