Static charge, poly

U.S. 4997641 (1991) Patel et al. (Colgate-Palmolive) Poly-lower alkylene (e.g., polyethylene and polypropylene) hydrocarbon solubilizer Improved wet and dry combing, manageability reduced static charge and flyaway... 

Efforts at loading titanium oxide nanoparticles in PVA (commercially available from Nanophase) have been reported [65], In this report, titanium nanoparticles are dispersed in an aqueous solution of PVA with poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde). The solution is spun onto substrate and heated to generate a cross-Unked polymer-nanoparticle dielectric. A modest enhancement of dielectric constant is achieved for 600-nm thick films. Thin-film transistors using this composite show excellent pen-tacene mobility (> 0.2 cm V s ) and reasonable on/off ratios 10. Vj- —TV is reasonably high, suggesting static charge at the dielectric-semiconductor interface. 

For the synthetic fibre poly(ethylene terephthalate) it is very important to impart antistatic properties to it [175]. Studies on the effect of the structure of cationic surfactants on the half-life time of static charge decay and surface resistivity (Rs) of PET fibres show best results with a methylated quarternary ammonium salt of a stearyl amine-ethylene oxide adduct or hydrochloride of a lauryl amine-EO adduct with 10 EO. 

Namely, poly(ethylene) and poly(vinyl chloride) films tend to hold high static electrical charge. This static charge is generated when the substrates unwind from the spool or are transported via a conveyor system under the printer nozzle. The static charge can be up to 40 kV. This charge tends to distort the ink droplets, causing the droplets to break up more easily and form microsatellites. These microsateUites then accumulate on the printer nozzle. 

Multifunctional Materials. Multifunctional property improvement by binding of specific polymers to fibers and fibrous products has been extensively investigated and reviewed (81). With poly(ethylene glycol) as the bound polymer, functional and aesthetic property improvements include thermal comfort, liquid absorbency/repellancy, increased wear life, soil release, resistance to static charge, antimicrobial activity, and resiliency. Numerous applications such as sportswear/ski wear, protective clothing for health care workers, durable and nondurable hygienic items, work uniforms, and space suits are being commercialized and evaluated. 

In order to conduct electricity, greater or lesser free motion of electrons in the material is required. However, electrical behavior involves questions not only of conduction and resistance but of static charges. Most polymers are insulators, except if they have alternating double and single bonds see Section 14.7.3. The motion of electrons in polymers, and in materials generally, also affects thermal conductivity. Thus good electrical insulation and good thermal insulation (low coefficient of heat transfer) are closely related physically. That is why pots are made out of metal, but pot handles are made out of plastic. Lack of electron-free motion also contributes to transparency in pure, amorphous plastics such as polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate). 

Static electricity can be a big problem with carpets. Many carpet fibers therefore incorporate an antistatic agent (such as quaternary ammonium salts or alkyl esters of poly(ethylene glycol) to bleed off static charge. These additives are designed to bloom to the surface of the host polymer reducing the build-up of static charge. 

It was straightforward to apply the TRMC technique to study on-chain charge transport to ladder-type poly-phenylene (LPPP) systems because covalent bridging between the phenylene rings planarizes the chain skeleton, eliminates ring torsions, and reduces static disorder. One can conjecture that in these systems intra-chain motion should be mostly limited by static disorder and chain ends. To confirm this... 

Using reflectometry, Barten etal. [259] have investigated adsorption of quater-nized poly-2-vinyl pyridine, of a fixed charge per monomer, on a gold electrode. The total adsorbed amount of the compound decreased linearly with the double-layer potential of gold. Adsorption proceeded up to a relatively high doublelayer potential and was accompanied by a relatively high contribution of nonelectro-static interactions. 

Canadian Industries Ltd, BritP 1025657 (1966). CA 64, 19311(1966) [Blasting compnf 0, Ip poly(oxyethylene) nonyiphenol dispersed in 4.9p diesel oil and mixed with 94.0 ps AN prills, and 1.0 p 7/93 Na carboxymethyl cellu-lose/water gel added does not develop high charges of static electricity during pneumatic... 

Some of the relevant questions primarily motivated by scientific interest are the following. How is the size of a polyelectrolyte affected by molecular weight, intrinsic stiffness, solvent quality, or ionic strength Which observables are well characterized by coarse-grained quantities such as a linear charge density, and which depend on chemical details How are dynamic quantities like viscosity or electrophoretic mobility related to static properties of poly electrolytes ... 

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