System voltage regulation standards

The control systems for the governors and automatic voltage regulators can be chosen from standard IEEE forms or can be built up separately to any degree of detail necessary. 

Power sources based on the zinc-mercuric oxide system are particularly suited to a wide range of applications, mainly concerned with miniature portable electronic equipment, where a relatively constant voltage is required throughout long discharge periods. In addition, such cells are used as voltage reference standards in regulated power supplies, potentiometers, chart... 

With a frequency converter, stator voltage and frequency of the asynchronous motor can be varied infinitely. This transforms a standard motor into a variable speed drive system. An asynchronous motor equipped with a rotor position sensor, magnetization calculation, and the impression of the corresponding stator currents (vector regulation) has the properties of a servo drive. 

A 550 watt Conrad/Hanovla medium pressure A.C. mercury lamp surrounded by a 1 cm thick pyrex water jacket, for cooling and Infrared absorption, provided the Irradlance, while an electrical heater and fan system was used to adjust the sample temperature. The lamp was allowed to operate from Its standard power supply with no attempt at regulation of the Irradlance. Lamp voltage and current were the only parameters monitored to characterize Its performance. The exposure region was a perforated aluminum cylinder 34 cm In diameter and 23 cm high. 

The potentiometer, used for accurate determinations of voltage in standards laboratories, has various applications in biological research. One, of course, is the accurate determination of various bioelectric potentials. In addition, many instruments can be constructed about the potentiometer as a central core. Figure 5.10 illustrates the basic potentiometer circuit. The instrument consists of two batteries, a standard reference cell and a working battery. In some instrumentation systems, the working battery is replaced by a regulated power supply, and a zener diode reference source is used in place of the standard cell. The heart of the instrument is a very accurately calibrated resistance, which is called a slide wire. It is usually in the form of a helix wrapped about a solid core. In operation, switch 1 is connected to the standard cell. The key (switch 2) is tapped at intervals... 

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