Stalinism

While Charles Frank was soaking up Volmer s ideas in 1947, Volmer himself was languishing as a slave scientist in Stalin s Russia, as described in a recent book about... 

Riehl, N. and Seitz, F. (1996) Stalin s Captive Nikolaus Riehl and the Soviet Race for the Bomb (American Chemical Society and the Chemical Heritage Foundation). 

Wlieti Stalin came to power, the political climate... 

Sakharov received many honors. He was elected as a full member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in 1953 (at only age thirty-two) he was awarded three Hero of Socialist Labor Medals he received a Stalin Prize and he was given a counti y cottage. Sakharov s anti-Soviet activism cost him these rewards. 

Then came the year 1953, and with it important events, both political and scientific in nature the death of Stalin and the determination of the structure of DNA in addition, a scientific article was published in Science by a previously unknown author, Stanley L. Miller. Its title was A Production of Amino Acids under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions (Miller, 1953). 

I wondered what Pauley would say. "It s bad poker," he had once remarked to me in Tokyo, "to assume that all these Communists in Europe and Asia are being made by Joe Stalin or Karl Marx." But Pauley thought my interest in Farben was unusually intense often he had referred to me as "I.G. Joe." I wondered whether he, as a businessman, might not shy away from the idea of criminally prosecuting foreign businessmen with close connections in this country. 

Then, not only would the men who set the date of attack be criminally responsible for it. No longer would war await the first bombing to be called "war." Anyone — be he Harry or Hitler, Stalin or Ivan— who prepared the threat of war to the very brink, knowing the threat would surely be used for conquest, was guilty of aggression. 

It was in this political and social climate that Vadim Kosmatschof began his artistic training. From 1951 to 1958 he was a student at the Moscow Secondary Art School. There he worked on the development of his first spatial concepts, which even then were conceived in relation to architecture and in contemplation of the standardized public spaces of the Stalin years. In his early sketches, Kosmatschof developed the concept of space that was to be determinative for his entire artistic development the space occupied by the sculpture is conceived as a resource and a means of organizing experience in order to develop a processual form of aesthetics. The buried tradition of Russian constructivism thus became a kind of fossil fuel which inspired and... 

What led to these enormous cultural differences between the builders of modernity in Europe, America and Russia At the latest when Europe was divided after World War II, but basically beginning with the establishment of the Hitler and Stalin dictatorships, the modernist period came to an end. Whereas at the beginning of the 1930s one could still speak of a more or less homogeneous project which followed quite similar goals and styles in Paris,... 

Stalin- und sonstige Denkmaler der Helden des Sozialismus benotigte. Als freier Kunstler, der fur die Realisierung seiner Arbeiten stets auf staatliche Werkstatten angewiesen war, konnte man so ein gutes Auslangen finden. 

For daring to criticize Marx, Luxemburg was labelled a heretic, failing to properly understand the role of the reproduction schema in Marx s system. In the wake of Stalin s purges, the importance of demand was overtaken by... 

Some of you may wonder how it was possible to bring a manuscript of 750 pages from Stalin s Soviet Russia to Austria. It s a remarkable story. When Lorenz learned that he was about to be repatriated, he announced that he had this manuscript and that he wanted to take it back. He was immediately transferred to another camp, prompting him to think that he had spoiled his chances for a return. But to his surprise he was given a typewriter and ordered to copy the manuscript word for word. This done he was sent to report in Moscow, accompanied by a guardian of course. There, a high ranking officer adressed... 

David Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy (New Haven Yale University Press, 1994), pp.83, 104—8, 138, 222-3. British estimates of the date... 

Happer, a physicist who was Director of Energy Research at the Department of Energy during George H. W. Bush s presidency, discusses three interventions of politics into science. He describes the starvation and deaths that followed Trofim Lysenko s substitution of patent nonsense for genetics and plant science in the Soviet Union (with the full backing of Joseph Stalin and in accord... 

Hard-working and successful small farmers remained productive and were an affront to Soviet collectivism. Referring to these enterprising farmers as kulaks (clenched fist in Russian), Stalin orchestrated the liquidation of kulaks as a class. Thousands were executed, and millions were deported to Siberia or Central Asia. 

Stalin himself joined the fray, praising Lysenko and his people s scientists, and dismissing as old-fashioned and counterrevolutionary those who believed in genes. Many opportunistic biologists hopped on the Lysenko bandwagon, and he and his... 

In the aftermath ofthe 1948 conference, most of the remaining honest geneticists in the Soviet Union were fired from their jobs and replaced by Lysenko s proteges. The famous branched wheat that gained Stalin s support for Lysenko turned out to give much poorer yields than ordinary, unbranched wheat, but with Stalin s support, this was no problem for Lysenko. After Stalin s death, it was not long before Lysenko hypnotized his successor, Nikita Khrushchev, who provided the same top-level political support to which Lysenko had become accustomed. 

Whatever his opinion of Seaborg s analysis, President Bush realized that cold fusion, if true, would be a revolution of great importance to the United States and to the world. Unlike Stalin, who immediately embraced Lysenko, Bush directed that a panel... 

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