Spreadsheet COUNT

A data base of area count response was prepared for 23 selected volatiles using Lotus 123 spreadsheet software. Regression analysis for model determination was done with SAS software. 

Failure to validate computer software used as part of the quality system for its intended use according to an established protocol as required by 21 CFR 820.70(i). For example, the data in the Excel spreadsheet identified as a hit list of top nonconforming components contains 16 record counts for part number 8601618 DC converter failures compared to 18 record counts for part number 860168 DC converter failures in the dbase database. The spreadsheet is used for management review of component suppliers for all components. 

The Zeiss AxioHOME (Highly Optimized Microscope Environment) was developed by pathologists to count, measure and analyze cell structure in biological thin sections. The AxioHOME is a light microscope coupled to a personal computer that allows the microscopist to make measurements on particles whilst still observing the real image. It is highly suited to particle size analysis because the measurements can be exported directly to a spreadsheet [103]. 

For the final activity calculations a software package called LSC Plus (supplied by Raddec Ltd.) is used. This software was developed to avoid using spreadsheet calculations, to minimize transcription errors and to save time. The counting of samples on Quantulus consists of 3 repeat counts. For example, when counting a batch of 20 samples, it produces 60 individual results you then have to manually enter into a spreadsheet. It automatically imports those data and calculates final results and total expanded uncertainties together with the LODs (Fig. 5). It has built-in quality control features introduced to assist in the requirements of ISO17025. 

Use the Excel help facility to look up the use of the COUNT function. Use the function to determine the number of data in each column of the spreadsheet of Figure 3-7. The count function is quite useful for determining the number of data entered into a given area of a spreadsheet. 

The other examples are somewhat harder to calculate, because not all women in the cluster suffered problem pregnancies. It is here that we must use some combinatorics, and it is here that we will use the spreadsheet. For our example we will focus first on the three out of five women at Pacific Northwest Bell. We will call them Anne, Beth, Christine, Denise, and Elaine, or A, B, C, D, and E for short. Since all we know is that three out of five experienced problem pregnancies, but not which ones, we must count the various ways in which three of the five women can be involved. Here we go the ten possible combinations of three specific women out of the group of five are... 

Now switch back to the spreadsheet, deposit a few numbers in a column, call the macro (with Tools O Macro, followed by clicking on the name of the macro and, then, on Run) and verily that the message boxes indeed display the correct addresses and their contents. The actual reading takes only three lines of code (or four, when we count as two the continued line following the space plus underscore) the other lines are there merely to make sure that the input box works properly. 

INAA, gamma counting, XRF, etc.) cannot be performed manually. One is led to question whether reliance on computer control, treatment of complex analytical instrumentation as black boxes and their operation by less well-trained and less qualified operators has a negative impact on the quality of output. One should also consider the performance of the vast proliferation of off-the-shelf commercial statistical and spreadsheet software, as well as custom-made software and conduct verification with model sets of data. One has to be aware that algorithms used as basis for commercial software associated with analytical instruments may be philosophically different from those utili-lized by the analytical scientist. Software, custom-designed for the author for FAAS calculations was rigorously tested with model input data and manual calculations. 

The spreadsheet results and the VBA program for ternary distillation calculations with constant relative volatility fSection 5.2.1 are shown in Figure 5-Al and Table 5-Al. If you are not familiar with VBA look at Appendix B of Chapter 4. The problem solved is to determine the number of stages and the optimum feed stage for the distillation of 100 mol/h of a saturated liquid feed that is 30 mol% A, 20 mol% B, and 50 mol% C. L/D = 1, and the desired fractional recoveries are B in distillate = 0.99 and C in bottoms = 0.97. Component A = benzene, component B = toluene, and conponent C = cumene. The constant relative volatilities with respect to toluene as the reference are = 2.25, Qbb = 1.0, and a B . 21. By trial and error, the optimum feed stage was determined to be the second stage from the top (the total condenser is not counted as a stage). 

In spreadsheet, StdErr = Stdev(array)/Sqrt(Count(array)), where Count gives the number of sample data. 

Step 1 Generate Poisson random numbers with A = 1.6 in the second column of the spreadsheet (the first column is used to count the number of nms) Step 2 Generate as many uniform random variables as demanded by the frequency (numbers in the second column) and use them as the probabilities... 

FIGURE 17.2 shows the spreadsheet used to calculate price, yield, and duration for a hypothetical bond traded forsetdement on December 10, 2005-It has a 5 percent coupon and matures in July 2012. Given the price, we can calculate yield, and given yield, we can calculate price and duration. We need to also set the coupon frequency, in this case semiannual, and the accrued interest day-count basis, in this case act/act, in order for the formulae to work. 

Our confirmation is shown at Figure 17.4. It is important to get the day-count fraction for the first coupon payment correct, and the confirmation of this is shown at FIGURE 17.6, which is Bloomberg page DCX with the relevant dates entered. We see that on the 30/360 basis the number of days accrued for the Ford bond for value January 6, 2006 is 39-The spreadsheet cell formulae are shown at FIGURE 17.7. 

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