Spreadsheet Chart

Table 7.1 shows the construction of a typical activity chart using one of many computer spreadsheet packages. The cross (-F) identifies an activity in the plant and stars ( ) in the vertical lines denote where access to other activities is needed or an interrelationship exists. A wide scattering of the stars away from the diagonal line of crosses indicates large distances between the activities and thus large communicating distances. 

As each project task is completed, record the actual time and actual cost. Calculate variances and carry the cumulative total forward. This technique can easily be put into a spreadsheet format on your personal computer. Some large projects may be able to create this format for a report that uses cost and schedule data that is routinely captured by the company s computerized accounting system. Figure 51.10 illustrates a typical project control chart. 

ETICA (2003) Catalyst chart 26 November. Spreadsheet previded te Risk Pelicy Analysts Ltd by the Eurepean Tin Catalysts Asseciatien, a subgreup ef the Eurepean Stabilisers Preducers Asseciatien, Nevember. 

A) Measure the positions and amplitudes of all the lines in the spectrum and list them in order in a table (a spreadsheet program is convenient for this purpose). A well-defined measure of position in a complex spectrum is the x-axis point halfway between the maximum and minimum of the first-derivative line. The amplitude is the difference in height between the maximum and minimum. If convenient, measure the line positions in gauss if this is inconvenient, use arbitrary units such as inches, centimeters, or recorder chart boxes measured from an arbitrary zero. In your table, also provide headings for the quantum numbers (m1 m2, etc.) for each of the line positions, for the coupling constants (a, a2, etc.), and for the theoretical intensity (degeneracy) of each peak. 

Considering the GUI for a moment, it may be useful to make a small state chart about whether or not a C eSs selected (see Figure 6.40). The C elype forms part of the spreadsheet s model the actions are those of the spreadsheet as a whole (see Section 3.9.4, State Charts of Specification Types). The states diagram applies simultaneously to every C eln the model. Any C effliat is the subject of a select operation gets into the selected state all others go into unselected, as defined by the guard. 

The chart forms a state chart of the refinement of the user actions. (See Section 6.5, Spreadsheet — Action Refinement, on page 279, and Section 14.13, Action Reification, on page 576). Once the chart is complete, abstract the major actions from the GUI detail the latter may change between now and the implementation, but the major actions are what you require at present. 

Given a suitable algebraic correlation such as equation 2.19, the friction factor chart might be considered obsolete. Both / and fRe2 can be represented algebraically as functions of Re allowing both types of calculations to be done. In the case of the inverse problem, that is the calculation of the flow rate for a specified pressure drop, an alternative is to use an iterative calculation, a procedure that is particularly attractive with a pocket calculator or a spreadsheet. Using equation 2.19 for /, the procedure is as follows ... 

A spreadsheet program can be used to capture and display the chart information. The chart can then be made accessible via a network server to all those involved in a common operation. Use of the Chemical Reactivity Worksheet provided by NOAA (2002) automatically generates a compatibility chart, as shown in the example of Figure 4.3. 

Create the standard curves (one for caffeine and one for benzoate) by plotting peak size vs. concentration. Use the spreadsheet procedure in Experiment 18. Obtain the concentrations of the unknowns and the control. Plot the results for the control sample on the control chart for this instrument posted in the laboratory. 

Spreadsheet 4.1. Hypothetical data showing how to calculate the data for a CuSum chart, as it might look in a spreadsheet. 

Figure 4.17. CuSum chart of the data in spreadsheet 4.1. Data in column D is plotted against the day (column A).

An example of this scenario is shown in spreadsheet 4.2 and figure 4.18. Here the motor octane number of a standard sample of 95 octane fuel is measured each month in duplicate. The Shewhart means chart never goes over the warning limit, let alone the control limit (see figure 4.19), but something is clearly wrong. The seven-in-a-row rule would be triggered, but CuSum also reveals that the system is out of control at about the same time. 

Spreadsheet 4.2. Calculation of S+ and S for the CuSum control chart example of research octane number. 

Figure 4.18. CuSum S chart of the data of research octane number in spreadsheet 4.2. The system is out of control when S exceeds h = 4. Open points S+, closed points S. ...

If a laboratory subscribes to statistical software, it is likely that control charts will be available and the data just need to be entered. When using a regular spreadsheet, there are a couple of tips for drawing the limit lines that might... 

Consider the example of quantitative NMR. Spreadsheet 6.3 gives the standard uncertainties and relative standard uncertainties of the components of the combined uncertainty. It is usual to graph the relative standard uncertainties, the standard uncertainties multiplied by the sensitivity coefficient [dy/dx uc(x)], or the squares of the latter expressed as a percentage contribution to the combined uncertainty (see equation 6.23). A horizontal bar chart for each component in decreasing order is one way of displaying these values (figure 6.9). 

The computational solution to a steady-state, two-dimensional, axisymmetric flow problem is illustrated in the Fig. 2.23. The solution itself is provided in spreadsheet form on a uniform mesh (CVD SolutionAlone. xls). Based on the given velocity fields, compute the acceleration field. Discuss in physical terms the behavior of the acceleration field, relating it, for example, to the flow patterns as illustrated by the streamlines. You may want to graph acceleration components, magnitudes, or directions along r or z cuts to make certain points. Excel s charting capabilities should assist this task. 

To make a graph from the spreadsheet in Figure 2-19d, go to the INSERT menu and select CHART. A window appears with a variety of options. The one you will almost always want is XY (Scatter). Highlight XY (Scatter) and several options appear. Select the one that shows data points connected by a smooth curve. Click Next to move to the next window. 

Following are the hydrogen production spreadsheets that are the basis for Chapter 5 in this report. As noted there, these charts are for different combinations of feedstock, status of technology (current versus possible future), and whether or not sequestration of carbon dioxide is required at facilities processing hydrocarbon feedstock. A modified version of Table 5-2, with additional pathways, is included here as Table E-l for convenience in following the charts. This table lists the code for each pathway as used for identification in the charts. 

By using the key word USERGRAPH, data are directly written to the spreadsheet GRID within PHREEQC and the graph is created automatically in the folder CHART. The script is as follows ... 

Automatix produces automated image analysis packages comprising data collection, spreadsheet analysis and charting to be used with the Macintosh computer. This has been used, in conjunction with ancillary equipment, to produce a computer digital analysis system [137] for around 4,000 [138]. Later, a more sophisticated system, costing around 20,000, was described for digital examination of film. 

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