Thickened sprays

A DEA is basically a compliant capacitor where an incompressible, yet highly deformable, dielectric elastomeric material is sandwiched between two complaint electrodes. The electrodes are designed to be able to comply with the deformations of the elastomer and are generally made of a conducting material such as a colloidal carbon in a polymer binder, graphite spray, thickened electrolyte solution, etc. Dielectric elastomer films can be fabricated by conventional... 

Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or other caustic compounds are blended to make these types of removers. Polymer-type thickeners are added to increase the viscosity that allows the remover to be appHed with a bmsh, trowel, or spray. Some of these products use a paper or fabric covering to allow the remover finish mixture to be peeled away. The most common appHcation for this group of removers is the removal of architectural finishes from the interior and exterior of buildings. The long dwell time allows for many layers of finish to be removed with one thick appHcation of remover. 

Resin Solubilizers. In general, water-soluble resins ate amine salts of acidic polymers. Water-soluble coatings formulated with AMP-95 and DMAMP-80 exhibit superior performance (15,16) (see Water-SOLUBLE polymers). AMP-95, used in conjunction with associative thickeners (17) or hydroxy-ethylceUulose, provides for the most efficient utilization of such thickeners. It also is the neutralizer of choice for use with hair spray resins. 

Because most latices have low viscosities by compounding, most of the waterborne rubber adhesives are sprayable. Thickeners such as fumed silicas can be added to increase viscosity and thixotropy. This means that even at relatively large viscosities (over 10 Pas) many water-based rubber adhesives can be sprayed. Dip and curtain applications require viscosities between 0.05 and 0.3 Pas, whereas brush application works with viscosities between 1 and 50 Pa s. 

Thickening agents. When pseudoplasticity is necessary in NBR adhesives (spread coating operations, sprayed cements), carboxylic vinyl polymers can be added. 

A small amount of a particular solvent may be needed to aid application, to enable the release of small air bubbles in sprayed films, or to activate thickeners. 

C below the melting point. The nature and the size of the exposed surface of the deposit on the leaf surface can be modified by spray adjuvants such as wetting agents, thickeners or particulating agents. The deposited pesticide may also interact with the target surface, with leaf exudates or with the polymeric wax-like surface of cutin. It may also physically penetrate the surface of the leaf. 

In processes with very small liquid dimensions and high speeds, such as spraying or coating processes, shear rates can reach up to 105 1/s. If shear thinning or shear thickening materials are used, the viscosity can therefore vary greatly depending on shear rate. 

Furniture fabrics are back-coated with non-slip finishes, often with polymer-based ones. The formulation may include thickeners and flame retardants. Back-coating is mostly achieved by nip-padding or using a doctor (squeegee) or by foam application or spray techniques (for a lower add-on). Another one-side application is rotary printing (screens with regular perforation). 

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