Spray modes

Substrates with poor fluidization characteristics such as larger particles and/or particles of higher density are difficult to coat with the top spray mode, and the bottom spray mode should be preferred. With the tangential spray process, the product temperatures have to be maintained lower than with the top spray technique in order to avoid adherence of the coated particles to the product container. The tangential spray... 

Juraschek, R. Schmidt, A. Karas, M. Rollgen, E.W. Dependence of Electrospray Ionization Efficiency on Axial Spray Modes, Adv. Mass Spectrom. 14, 1-15 (1998). 

Figure 4.19 (A) Signal from a PDMS ESI emitter in direct spray mode showing...

Kariya N, Fukuoka A, Utagawa T, Sakuramoto M, Goto Y and Ichikawa M (2003), Efficient hydrogen production using cyclohexane and decalin by pulse-spray mode reactor with Pt catalysts, Appl. Catal. A - General, 247, 247-259. 

That will determine the choice of the spraying mode and drying parameters, including the liquid feed composition. 

Keywords Aerodynamic effects Charged droplets Cone jet Droplet evaporation Droplet deformation Electrohydrodynamic spray Electrospray Ion source Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Rayleigh charge limit Spray modes Taylor cone... 

By varying all of the above parameters, one can obtain a dynamic range of spraying modes. If the electric field strength at the capillary tip is varied, at fixed... 

The following is a brief description of the major spraying modes identified in the literature in order of increasing the electric field applied to the capillary tip. 

Nemes P, Marginean I, Vertes A (2007) Spraying mode effect on droplet formation and ion chemistry in electrosprays. Anal Chem 79(8) 3105-3116... 

In a spray-coating process, an inert soluble core composed of sugars, salts, polymers, or a combination of these are flnidized within a fluid bed and an enzyme solution is sprayed on the core to make a continuous film on the surface. The process can be carried out either in a top spray mode, that is, where the spray nozzles are placed in the top of the fluid bed chamber or as a bottom spray... 

Figure 5.3 Schematics of electrospray mass spectrometry for online analysis of photochemical reactions. Two modes of photoirradiation (X,>420 nm a UVcutoff filter) were used the cell mode, involving irradiation of the sample solution in a quartz cell, and the spray mode, involving irradiation of charged droplets distributed in the plume at the tip of needle.

While sampling intact sample areas, optimize the spray voltage for LAESI ion yield. (Optional) Follow the temporal behavior of the spray current on a counter electrode with an oscilloscope to determine the flow rate and spray voltage conditions for the cone-jet spraying mode (see Notes 4.3.1... 

Some typical fluid bed granulation equipment and a few of their main characteristics are given in Fig. 1. The conventional fluid bed granulator (Fig. la) can be operated in either top (as shown) or bottom spray mode. The bed is usually tapered, as shown, to improve solid circulation. The spouted bed granulator (Fig. lb) is somewhat different in that it has no distributor and that there is a calibrated gap between the nozzle and the bottom of the spout that allows discharge of granulated material. It is common industrial practice to combine the two fluid beds presented so far... 

Nemes, P. Marginean, I. Vertes, A. Spraying Mode Effect on Droplet Formation and Ion Chemistry in Electrosprays. Anal. Chem. 2007, 79,3105-3116. 

Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is employed to join titanium and titanium alloys more than 3 mm (1.8 in.) thick. It is applied using pulsed current or the spray mode and is less costly than GTAW, especially when base-metal thickness is greater than 13 mm (V2 in.). 

Drying kinetics (Operation mode) Fountain spray mode (counter current) / Co current spray mode... 

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