Nebulized spray pyrolysis

The source liquid contains the relevant cations in the form of salts dissolved in an organic solvent. Organometallic compounds (e.g. acetates, alkoxides, 13-diketonates 

Essentials of Inorganic Materials Synthesis, First Edition. C.N.R. Rao and Kanishka Biswas. 2015 John Wiley Sons, Inc. Published 2015 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

FIGURE 11.1 Apparatus employed for preparing films by nebulized spray pyrolysis. 

One-dimensional (ID) nanostructures of various materials including multi-walled carbon nanotubes have been prepared by NSP of precursor solutions. For the growth 

La NijOjij, LaNiOj La-rNi acetylacetonate Ethanol Air/Oj Al303/Si (770 K) SrTi03 

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Metal nanowires are obtained in good yields by the nebulized spray pyrolysis of a methanolic solution of metal acetates.165 This method has been employed for the synthesis of single-crystalline nanowires of zinc, cadmium and lead (see Fig. IS). The nanowires seem to grow by the vapour-solid mechanism. ZnO nanotubes... 

Thin films of cobalt can be prepared by nebulized spray pyrolysis using Co(acac)2 as precursor in a hydrogen atmosphere. The obtained films show brilliant metallic and magnetic properties. Granular, magnetoresistant cobalt-copper alloys of composition CoigCu82 and C050CU50 are accessible from Co(acac)2 and Cu(acac)2 mixtures under similar reaction conditions. ... 

The recent technique of nebulized spray pyrolysis (NSP) has been used to prepare aligned MWNTs bundles [62]. This technique consists in a spray generated by an ultrasonic atomizer. MWNTs with fairly uniform diameters, as well as ahgned MWNT bundles, have been obtained by using solutions of organometallic compounds, such as ferrocine, in benzene, toluene, and other hydrocarbon solvents. The advantage of NSP is the ease of scahng up to an industrial process where the reactants are fed into the furnace continuously. 

Vivekchand SRC, Cele LM, Deepark FL, Raju AR, Govindaraj A. Carbon nanotubes by nebulized spray pyrolysis. Chem Phys Lett 2004 386 313-18. 

Polycrystalline films can be prepared by spray pyrolysis. In this technique a spray of an aqueous solution of cerium salt is nebulized and directed by a stream of compressed gas onto a heated substrate. Various parameters are important for determining the resulting structure of the ceria film. The effects of the spray solution and of substrate temperature for films deposited upon silica substrates have... 

The morphology and size of particles prepared by the LPSP process are different from those produced by CSP using either an ultrasonic nebulizer or a two-fluid nozzle as atomizers under an atmospheric environment. For example, nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles can be formed via the LPSP route whereas, only submicronsized NiO particles are produced by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis [9]. It is evident that the nanoparticle formation mechanism in the LPSP process is different from that in the CSP process. The calculated particle size based on the ODOP principle is much larger than 100 nm, indicating that the nanoparticles are formed based on one-droplet-to-multiple-particles (ODMP). The reason can be attributed to the difference in operating pressures and aerosol formation mechanisms between the two types of aerosol generators. 

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