Spinning cone

In hot-climate viticulture it is a common practice to lower the high ethanol content of wines made from overripe fruit by partial dealcoholisation. This objective can be achieved by vacuum distillation, where the spinning cone column technique allows even more viscous liquids to be processed. Alternatively, a water-ethanol fraction can be separated from wine by reverse osmosis, followed by distillation of the water-ethanol permeate to yield high-grade ethanol and pure water. The latter will be added back to the treated wine. 

Single-stage evaporator Spinning-cone concentrator... 

Sutter Home Winery (2006) http //www.sutterhomefre.com/spinning cone.html... 

Additional heat treatment inevitably involves losses in efficiency as there are likely to be subtle changes in quality and yields due to heat degradation of some of the components. The spinning cone column (Figure 3.9) is designed to selectively isolate a volatiles fraction in one operation. It is in effect a... 

The juice feed is introduced at the top of the column, on to a distributor disc, and runs down the column in a thinly layered stream between the stators and spinning cone assembly. Counter to its flow and moving up the column is a gas phase, which may be non-intrusive, such as nitrogen, or more commonly a live steam feed. The multiple-stage effect produces a highly efficient separation of the component volatiles from the juice stream and an enriched fraction is produced. 

Compound Polyene cone. (M) Spin cone. (M) g Value... 

Hetherington P, Scalley MJ, Jachuck RJ. Process intensification continuous production of barium sulphate using a spinning cone precipitator. 4th International Conference on Process Intensification for the Chemical Industry, Brugge, Belgium, Sept. 10, 2001. 

Figure 5. A stationary spinning cone. The polar vector corresponds to the polar axis of the cone, and the axial vector to the direction of spin. Time reversal (T) changes the sense of chirality of enantiomorphous systems (a) and (b) in terms of the helicity generated by the product of the two vectors, (a) is right-handed and (b) is left-handed. The left-handed system (c) [the enantiomorph of (a) and the homomorph of (b)] is obtained either by space inversion (P) of (a) or by rotation of (b) by 180° (Rn) about an axis perpendicular to the polar axis.

Objects that exhibit -invariant enantiomorphism are either immobile or undergo a motion that can be reduced to a screw displacement (as exemplified in Figure 4). Objects that exhibit 7-noninvariant enantiomorphism behave effectively like stationary spinning cones (cf. Figure 5). We now show that all these objects belong to chiral groups. 

Figure 9. Illustration of C symmetry. Top Enantiomorphs of a construction with C symmetry. As the number (n) of striations approaches infinity, the symmetry of the constructions approaches C- in the limit. Bottom Stationary spinning cones with C, symmetry.

Fermentation temperature and fermentor design can induce evaporative alcohol losses but these are relatively small. Based on current state of knowledge, choice of yeast and fermentation conditions constrain wine style and do not provide a reliable approach for achieving at least a one percent or greater loss of potential alcohol content of wine (Boulton et al. 1998 de Barros Lopes et al. 2003 Palacios et al. 2007). Several physical techniques, such as spinning-cone and reverse osmosis, and nanofiltration can be used to remove sufficient sugar or alcohol for the production of reduced or low alcohol products (Ferrarini et al. 2008 Grosser 2008). 

Sample preparation. For the study of trace compounds we used two different sample preparation procedures SPI and SPII for wine no. 1 and wine no. 2, respectively. The first flavor extract SP I was obtained by liquid-liquid extraction with fluorochloromethane and dichloromethane (9+1) from 45 L Scheurebe wine. For further analysis a portion of 1/3 was used. After separation on silica gel (pentane/diethyl ether) 6 fractions were analyzed. For the second flavor extract SP II we started from 200 L wine stripping off volatile compounds with vapour in a spinning cone column (SCC) system (5). The condensate was sequentially collected in two main portions of 8 and 2 L, respectively. The first condensate was discarded. The second condensate (2 L) was subjected to liquid-liquid extration with fluorochloromethane and dichloromethane (9+1). After separation on silica gel (pentane/diethyl ether) using medium pressure chromatography (MPLC) 4 fractions were analyzed. 

Flavourtech, Spinning Cone Column product information, 1996. 

Sykes S., Casimir D., Prince R., Recent advances in spinning cone column technology. Food Australia, 44. 462-464 (1992)... 

The Centritherm-Evaporator (27) is very popular for the concentration of passion fruit juice. This is a one-stage rotary thin film evaporator which can be fitted with or without aroma recovery. Originally developed by Alfa Laval for concentrating sensitive products in the pharmaceutical industry, this machine is now sold and serviced by FLAVOURTECH Pty. Ltd (27). For the very efficient recovery of the aroma FLA-VOURTECH can also offer a so-called Spinning Cone Column which has been successfully applied for the recovery of difficult-to-recover aromas such as coffee aroma. 

For the case of a spinning cone inclined at an angle a. to the plane of rotation, film thickness, velocity, residence time, and surface shear can be related to that for the spinning disk using the following scaling relationships ... 

Owing to the nature of thin films generated by both spinning disks and spinning cones, transport by diffusion can become a significant method of transport of both heat and mass within the film. In the case of heat transfer this is especially true and will be the dominant mode of transport within the film. The equations for transport by diffusion have been studied and solved for many simple systems. One of the most comprehensive studies of this process was given by Crank in which the equations for diffusion are examined for several generalized systems. In the solution of the diffusion equation one parameter is of paramount importance that is, the Fourier number, Fo. This can be expressed as... 

For a spinning disk and spinning cone reactor, power input to the fluid can be represented as that given to accelerate the liquid up to the tip speed of the disk. This can be written as... 

CONE Conditions for a spinning cone DISK Conditions for a spinning disk... 

---