Spinning cone concentrator

The efficiency of the SCC is illustrated in comparison with a traditional distillation-based essence recovery unit in Table 18.2. One can see that the aroma volatiles are preferentially stripped from the infeed in the SCC compared with the situation in a single-stage evaporator. Thus, highly concentrated aroma isolates can be produced. Flavortech [22] noted that essences of 1,500-fold maybe produced from juices if a double pass is used (the infeed is the flrst pass and the acquired essence the second pass). 

This process has found major application in the wine industry to control the alcohol content of wines (i.e. remove alcohol to the desired level). Wine is initially passed through the equipment at temperatures and pressures that primarily strip aroma components. The dearomatised wine is then passed a second time through the equipment at higher temperatures and vacuum to strip the desired amount of alcohol from the wine. The initially captured aroma fraction can then be added back to the reduced alcohol wine to produce the desired 

Fruit Stripping required for the total removal of fruit aroma (calculated using volatility relative to water)  

Adsorption (or absorption) involves passing an aroma-laden liquid (or gas) stream through a bed of adsorbent. Assuming that the adsorbent has a significant affinity for the aroma compounds of interest, they will be adsorbed onto the bed and concentrated. While for analytical purposes the bed is commonly thermally desorbed, it is more likely to be solvent-extracted in this application to recover the trapped volatiles. 

While the first two examples of using adsorption methods to produce aroma isolates were from gas streams. Tan et al. [28] applied adsorption methods to the isolation of flavouring extracts from mushroom blanching water. Unfortunately, only an abstract was available of this work so it lacks detail. It appears that they evaluated the use of two different resins (not described) and ethanol, pentane, hexane, and other solvents for desorption. They claim to have had good success in obtaining a useful aroma isolate. 

---

Single-stage evaporator Spinning-cone concentrator... 

Centrifuge 1 to 2 minutes to spin the concentrate into the cone shaped cap... 

The Centritherm-Evaporator (27) is very popular for the concentration of passion fruit juice. This is a one-stage rotary thin film evaporator which can be fitted with or without aroma recovery. Originally developed by Alfa Laval for concentrating sensitive products in the pharmaceutical industry, this machine is now sold and serviced by FLAVOURTECH Pty. Ltd (27). For the very efficient recovery of the aroma FLA-VOURTECH can also offer a so-called Spinning Cone Column which has been successfully applied for the recovery of difficult-to-recover aromas such as coffee aroma. 

Spin-coating exploits centrifugal forces and rapid evaporation of the solvent to prepare films with controlled thickness and roughness. Here, a polymer solution is deposited on a cleaned substrate, which is spun with high velocity around its central axis. The solution spreads and is spun off the substrate, leaving a film behind. The thickness can be controlled by the polymer concentration oc cone.) and the rpm (dflim oc V/Tpm ). 

Understanding the rheology of the fiber-spinning dope solutions is important to enable the fabrication of the polyaniline fibers with reproducible electrical and mechanical properties. In our studies, a Brookfield RVDV-III cone and plate rheometer was used to measure the viscosity of the concentrated EB solutions. The gelation studies of these solutions were conducted at 25°C and a constant shear rate of 0.8 using cone spindle (CP-52) with a semivertical cone angle of 87°. Figure 2.10 illustrates the viscosity... 

Two series of PBTA/PI block copolymers were synthesized in this study and solution processed into molecular composite fibers via dry-jet wet-spinning. The unique rheological properties of liquid-crystalline PBTA homopolymers and PBTA/PI block copolymers were studied with a cone-and-plate rheometer. For block copolymers, the critical concentration decreased with an increase in PBTA content. The flow curves of isotropic and anisotropic solutions could be described via the power-law model and Carreau model, respectively. Copolymer fibers possess tensile strength and modulus located between those of PBTA fibers and PI fibers. Moreover, the tensile strength and modulus of Col fibers increase with an increase in PBTA content. Besides, increasing the draw ratios would give rise to an increase in the mechanical properties of copolymer fibers... 

PPO Cone the PPO concentration in the polymer solution (wt%) used for spinning Add Cone the concentration of 2-Ethyl 1 - Hexanol in the solvent... 

---