Spinach beet

Leaf beet, also called perpetual spinach or spinach beet Beta vulgaris Cicia Group)... 

Crops in this family all prefer fertile soil that does not dry out easily. They are often included in the "roots" section of a rotation, in soil that has been improved for a previous crop. They may appreciate a mulch of a medium-fertility soil improver on poorer soils. Spinach beet... 

The iarvae of this fly tunnel within the leaves of spinach, beets, and related crops, creating pale brown blisterlike papery patches and tunnels. The pest overwinters in the soil, emerging in spring to lay eggs on the undersides of the leaves. There can be two or three generations in one year. 

Among them are several garden vegetables Spinach, Beets, Mangels) and a number of weeds. Leaves alternate to opposite sometimes reduced to teeth, entire or lobed. Inflorescence spikes... 

JP Thornber, CA Smith and JL Bailey (1966) Partial characterization of two chlorophyll-protein complexes isolated from spinach-beet chloroplasts. Biochem J 100 14-15... 

Other vegetables, such as members of the beet family (Chenopodiaceae) like Swiss chard and spinach beet, members of the daisy family (Compositae) such as lettuce, and vegetables such as sweetcorn can be grown in any bed or part of the plot, often before or after the main crop. 

VAUGHAN, P.F.T., BUTT, V.S., The action of o-dihydric phenols in the hydroxylation of / -coumaric acid by a phenolase from leaves of spinach beet Beta vulgaris L.), Biochem. J., 1970, 119, 89-94. 

BARTLETT, D.J., ARLOTTO, M.P., WATERMAN, M.R., Hydroxylation of p-coumaric acid by illuminated chloroplasts from spinach beet leaves, FEBS Lett., 1972, 23,265-267. 

This enzyme has been demonstrated in a range of plant tissues (Giovanelli and Mudd, 1967 Dodd and Cossins, 1969 Walker and Duerre, 1975) and has been partially purified from spinach beet (Poulton and Butt, 1976) and to homogeneity from yellow lupin seeds (Guranowski and Pawelkiewicz, 1977). The lupin preparation resembled the enzymes from rat liver (de la Haba and Cantoni, 1959) and yeast (Knudson and Yall, 1972) in showing high specificity for both L-homocysteine and adenosine. 

Oxalic acid. This compound can inhibit the absorption of calcium because of the formation of calcium oxalate, a relatively insoluble compound. Oxalic acid is high in only a few foods among them, spinach, beet tops, swiss chard, cocoa, and rhubarb. But the amount of oxalic acid present in typical American diets is not sufficiently great to interfere seriously with the absorption of calcium. 

Of nutrient chelates in the human diet, oxalates and phytates are the most common. OxaUc acid (8), found principally in spinach, rhubarb leaves, beet leaves, some fmits, and mushrooms, is a primary chelator of calcium. Oxalate present in pineapple, kiwifmit, and possibly in other foods, occurs as calcium... 

Nitrates are found in fairly high concentrations in beets, spinach, kale, coUards, eggplant, celery, and lettuce. AdditionaHy, nitrates and nitrites are commonly used in the curing solutions of bacon, ham, and other cured meats. In cured meats, nitrates and nitrites control the growth of microorganisms, particularly Clostridium botulinum, and also serve as color preservatives. 

Use pattern Hymexazol is used for the control of soil-borne diseases for rice, sugar beet, spinach, pea, cucumber, watermelon, grass, etc. Applied as a soil drench or by soil incorporation and used as a seed dressing for sugar beet. Hymexazol also exhibits some plant growth stimulation activity. 

Manganese deficiency occurs principally in soils with a high pH or calcareous soils since Mn in these soils is mostly present in insoluble oxides. Manganese deficiency has been found for more than 20 crops including oats, rye, wheat, rice, maize, peas, soy beans, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, sugar beets, tea, sugar-cane, pineapples, pecans, peaches, spinach, citrus, and a number of forest trees (Table 7.8) (Sillanpaa, 1982). The critical DTPA-extractable Mn for Mn deficiency has been suggested to be 1.6-3.9 mg/kg, and soils with up to 5.2-6.5 mg/kg DTPA-extractable Mn has been considered to indicate susceptibility (Sillanpaa, 1982). 

Flavones Apigenin, luteolin Beets, bell peppers, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, celery, chives, kale, lettuces, spinach, peppers, tomatoes, watercress... 

Carrot family beet family Grow carrots, parsnips, celery, beets, spinach, and chard on this plot On poorer ground, add compost to the soil, except where carrots and parsnips are to be sown. Sow winter rye or buckwheat as a green manure over winter. 

These crops are relatively trouble-free, although some tend to bolt in adverse conditions. Beet leaf miner (see above andp.323) has little effect on beets, but it can spoil leaf beet and chard. Downy mildew can be a problem on young spinach when the air is moist. 

Susceptible plants Beets, spinach, chard, lamb s quarters. 

Beets, celery, lettuce, spinach, radishes, rhubarb. Nitrate ... 

Cell wall conjugates Spinach, sugar beet fibre, cereal brans... 

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