Sphere Project

Fig. 11.14 Dimensionless velocity and displacement as functions of dimensionless time for spheres projected vertically upwards into stagnant gas (y 1).

Figure 8-9. Geometrical construct indicating that the area of a sphere projecting onto the area of the underlying square is (4jrr2)/(4r2), which equals n regardless of the size of the sphere.

The Sphere Project proposes the following minimum standards for the water supply in disaster relief efforts ... 

Water use facilities and goods. People have adequate facilities and supplies to collect, store, and use sufficient quantities of water for drinking, cooking, and personal hygiene, and to ensure that drinking water remains sufficiently safe until it is consumed (Sphere Project, 2004). 

Water sources and systems are maintained such that appropriate quantities of water are available consistently or on a regular basis (Sphere Project, 2004). 

No negative health effect is detected that is due to shortterm use of water contaminated by chemical (including carry-over of treatment chemicals) or radiological sources, and assessment shows no significant probability of such an effect (Sphere Project, 2004). 

The participation of all vulnerable groups is actively encouraged in the location and construction of bathing facilities and/or the production and distribution of soap, and/or the use and promotion of suitable alternatives (Sphere Project, 2004). 

Design and construction. People have access to toilets that are designed, constructed, and maintained in such a way as to be comfortable, hygienic, and safe to use (Sphere Project, 2004). 

Toilets are used in the most hygienic way and children s feces are disposed of immediately and hygienically (Sphere Project, 2004). 

People are provided with tools and materials for constructing, maintaining, and cleaning their own toilets if appropriate (Sphere Project, 2004). 

Vector-borne disease is a complex and challenging problem that often requires the interventions of professional experts in vector control. In the event of a situation where this expertise is not immediately available, there are simple and effective measures that nurses can take to reduce the spread of vector-borne disease. The Sphere Project establishes three standards for vector control ... 

McConnan, 1. (Ed.). (2004). Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in disaster response. Geneva, Switzerland The Sphere Project. 

Sphere Project. (2004). Sphere Handbook. Retrieved March 11, 2007 from http //www.sphereproject.org/... 

As providers of aid relief to communities across the world nurses must be aware of the need for accountability and quality of care. This is not easy as there is no universally accepted international minimum standard. In the absence of a single universal standard, some international government organizations (IGOs) and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have developed their own standards. The Sphere project has attempted to develop the universal international minimum standards, and it... 

The Sphere Project was launched in 1997 from concerns that the basic human rights of those affected by calamity and conflicts were not being upheld. In 1994,... 

The purpose of the Humanitarian Charter and the Minimum Standards in Disaster Response was to improve the effectiveness of humanitarian assistance initiatives, and to increase the accountability of international agencies, and arguably even the donors participating in humanitarian efforts. The charter and the standards are based on the belief that first, all possible steps should be taken to alleviate human suffering that arises out of conflict and calamity, and second, that those affected by a disaster have a right to life with dignity and therefore a right to assistance (The Sphere Project, 2000). 

In the two-sphere model at the initial stage of sintering, is usually assumed to be equal to the area of the sphere projected onto the punch of the hot pressing die divided by the cross-sectional area of the neck, i.e., [Pg.351]

Fig. 5.2 The SPHERES project at MIT testing autonomous robots in 0-gravity ...

Normally, one draws these Newton spheres in two dimensions instead of three, as shown in Figure 23.9. Suppose we squash the latter figure onto a vertical plane. It will look like a disc with most of the events located on the outside edges, both at the top and bottom of the disc. The ion-imaging method works exactly in this way, as was pointed out earlier. One records 3D Newton spheres, projected onto a 2D surface, where it appears as a partially lilled-in circle. 

The bispectrum is stiU a very incomplete representation, as it uses the imit-sphere projection of the atomic environment, i.e. the distance of the atoms from the centre... 

Figire 46 (a) Calculated intensity distribution corresponding to tbe (102)/ (1-1-2) reflections visualized as intersection of the Polanyi (gray) and Ewald sphere (violet). Only a part of the Ewald sphere is shown in the figure for the sake of clarity, (b) Intersection between the Polanyi and Ewald spheres projected on the plane of a fiat 2D detector showing the azimuthal intensity distribution for the calculated (102)/(1-1-2) doublet reflection. 

Refugee camps or feeding centers are used to provide food to those who are either affected by natural disasters or have been displaced by conflicts. In these cases, the main challenge is to provide those affected with the proper nutritional requirements as they may not have access to any other food (Sphere Project 2004 UNHCR and WFP 1999). 

Sphere Project. 2004. The Sphere Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Relief. Geneva Sphere Project. 

Sphere Project (2011). Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response The Sphere Project. London Practical Action Publishing. 

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